LIBRARY  OF  THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 

AT  URBANA-CHAMPAIGN 


AGRJCULTURE 


CIRCULATING 


CHECK  FOR  UNBOUND 
CIRCULATING  COPY 


The  Illinois 
Soil  Experiment  Fields 


BULLETIN  No.  273 


UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 

AGRICULTURAL  EXPERIMENT  STATION 

January,  1926 


FOREWORD 

In  the  investigations  of  the  soils  of  Illinois  three 
main  lines  of  procedure  have  been  followed:  namely, 
mapping  and  classifying  the  soils  of  the  state  by 
types;  subjecting  samples  to  laboratory  analysis;  and 
conducting  field  experiments.  In  accordance  with  this 
program  there  have  been  operated  for  a  sufficient 
length  of  time  to  afford  results  of  some  significance, 
all  told,  56  soil  experiment  fields  distributed  over  the 
state  on  various  soil  types. 

It  is  the  purpose  of  the  present  bulletin  to  place 
on  record  a  description  of  the  work  on  each  of  these 
fields,  together  with  the  results  obtained  to  date.  It  is 
the  thought  that  these  data,  presented  without  discus- 
sion or  comment,  will  furnish  the  basic  information 
for  many  different  studies  connected  with  the  innumer- 
able problems  concerned  in  the  maintenance  and  the 
improvement  of  our  soils. 

While  the  authors  must  assume  the  responsibility 
for  the  presentation  of  this  material,  obviously  credit 
for  its  accumulation  belongs  to  the  many  former  and 
present  members  of  the  Agronomy  Department  who 
have  had  charge  of  the  fields  and  the  recording  of 
results. 


CONTENTS 

PAGE 

INTRODUCTION 41 

GENERAL  PLAN  OF  WORK  ON  THE  FIELDS 42 

Size  and  Arrangement  of  Fields 42 

Two  Systems  of  Farming  Provided 42 

Crop  Rotations  Practiced 42 

The  Standard  Plan  of  Soil  Treatment 43 

Necessity  for  Changes  in  Standard  Plans 44 

New  Problems  Arising  from  Experiment  Fields  Work 45 

Explanation  of  Symbols  Used 46 

THE  INDIVIDUAL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 46 

DESCRIPTION  OF  SOILS : 311 

INDEX..  ..324 


LOCATION  OF 

SOILS 

EXPERIMENT 
FIELDS 

(Open  circles  indicate 
fields  discontinued) 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 

BY  F.  C.  BAUER,  R.  S.  SMITH,  AND  L.  H.  SMITH" 

INTRODUCTION 

As  a  major  feature  of  the  investigation  of  the  soils  of  Illinois,  the 
Illinois  Agricultural  Experiment  Station  has  conducted  investigations 
on  more  than  fifty  soil  experiment  fields  distributed  over  the  state  on 
various  types  of  soil.  This  number  is  exclusive  of  the  fields  on  the 
University  campus  at  Urbana.  These  soil  experiment  fields  vary  in 
size  from  about  one  acre  to  40  acres  or  more,  and  have  been  in  opera- 
tion for  periods  varying  from  three  years  to  half  a  century. 

The  Morrow  plots,  located  at  Urbana,  were  established  in  1876, 
altho  they  were  not  given  official  recognition  until  three  years  later. 
The  present  year  (1926)  is  thus  the  fiftieth  anniversary  of  their  estab- 
lishment. So  far  as  is  known,  these  are  the  oldest  soil  experiment  plots 
in  America.  The  Davenport  plots,  also  located  at  the  University,  now 
have  records  extending  back  thirty  years. 

Several  of  the  outlying  fields  were  established  in  the  summer  and 
fall  of  1901,  and  others  have  been  put  into  operation  at  various  times 
since,  some  being  only  a  few  years  old  at  the  present  time.  In  1924, 
thirty-four  fields,  aside  from  those  at  Urbana,  were  in  operation.  The 
others  have  been  abandoned  at  different  times,  for  various  reasons. 

This  bulletin  constitutes  a  report  of  the  work  on  all  these  fields, 
whereby  there  is  placed  on  record  a  description  of  each  field,  informa- 
tion with  respect  to  cropping  systems  followed  and  fertility  treatments 
applied,  and  the  results  obtained  expressed  in  terms  of  crop  yields. 

For  each  of  the  fields  in  operation  in  1924  a  soil  and  topographic 
map  is  included  which  shows  the  arrangement  of  the  plots,  the  distri- 
bution of  soil  types  and,  by  means  of  contour  lines,  the  elevation  of  the 
land.  These  maps  have  been  prepared  in  conformance  with  recent 
developments  in  the  science  of  soil  mapping.  An  inspection  of  them 
will  reveal  more  or  less  diversity  in  the  soil  types  present  on  some  of 
the  fields — a  condition  which  indicates  a  lack  of  uniformity  for  exper- 
imental purposes.  At  the  time  these  fields  were  established  these  vari- 
ations were  not  detected  or  were  regarded  as  insignificant.  Whether 
all  the  type  separations  made  on  the  basis  of  the  present  methods  of 
soil  mapping  have  any  practical  significance  or  not  can  be  determined 
only  by  crop  yield  correlations  and  further  investigation;  many  of  the 

JF.  C.  Bauer,  Chief  in  charge  of  Soil  Experiment  Fields;  R.  S.  Smith,  Chief 
in  Soil  Physics,  in  charge  of  Soil  Survey  mapping;  L.  H.  Smith,  Chief  in  charge 
of  publications  of  the  Soil  Survey.  Special  acknowledgment  is  accorded  Mr. 
F.  W.  Gault,  who,  thru  his  intimate  knowledge  of  the  records  of  the  fields,  has 
rendered  invaluable  aid  in  the  assembling  of  the  data. 

•41 


42  BULLETIN  No.  273  [January, 

crops  results  herein  recorded  will  be  found  useful  in  making  such  a 
study.  It  seems  quite  clear,  however,  that  some  of  these  fields  have 
been  located  on  soils  lacking  sufficient  uniformity  for  satisfactory  soil 
experiments.  Some  of  these  fields  have  been  abandoned  and  others  will 
be  abandoned  as  soon  as  it  is  clear  that  they  have  served  all  useful 
purposes. 

GENERAL  PLAN  OF  WORK  ON  THE  FIELDS 
SIZE  AND  ARRANGEMENTS  OF  FIELDS 

The  soil  experiment  fields  vary  in  size  from  less  than  an  acre  up 
to  40  acres  or  more.  They  are  laid  off  in  one  or  more  series  of  plots. 
Each  series  is  occupied  by  but  one  kind  of  crop  in  any  one  season. 
Usually  there  are  sufficient  series  so  that  a  crop  rotation  can  be  carried 
on  with  every  crop  represented  each  year.  The  individual  plots,  which 
are  usually  %  or  %0  acre  in  area,  are  treated  in  various  ways  in 
order  to  secure  information  as  to  the  effect  of  various  systems  of  soil 
management. 

Two  SYSTEMS  OF  FARMING  PROVIDED 

On  many  of  the  fields,  the  treatment  provides  for  two  distinct 
systems  of  "farming,  namely,  livestock  farming  and  grain  farming. 

In  the  livestock  system,  stable  manure  is  used  to  furnish  organic 
matter  and  nitrogen.  The  amount  applied  to  a  plot  is  based  upon  the 
amount  that  can  be  produced  from  the  crops  raised  on  that  plot. 

In  the  grain  system  no  animal  manures  are  used.  The  organic 
matter  and  nitrogen  are  applied  in  the  form  of  plant  manures,  such  as 
cornstalks;  straw  from  wheat,  oats,  and  clover;  the  second  crop  of 
clover;  and  leguminous  green  manure  crops  grown  for  the  purpose. 
In  the  main,  it  has  been  the  purpose  in  this  plan  to  remove  from  the 
land  only  the  grain  and  seed  produced,  except  in  the  case  of  alfalfa 
and  sometimes  the  first  crop  or  both  the  first  and  second  crops  of 
clover,  which  are  harvested  for  hay  and  considered  as  a  cash  crop. 
Originally,  all  legume  crops  with  the  exception  of  alfalfa  were  har- 
vested for  seed.  During  recent  years  this  practice  has  not  been 
adhered  to  because  of  the  great  uncertainty  of  seed  production  with 
the  common  biennial  clovers. 

CROP  ROTATIONS  PRACTICED 

The  crops  grown  on  the  experiment  fields  are  always  arranged  in  a 
definite  rotation.  On  some  fields  two  or  more  rotations  are  practiced. 
The  crops  grown  are  those  common  to  the  respective  localities  and 
include  corn,  oats,  wheat,  barley,  rye,  red  clover,  mammoth  clover, 
alsike,  sweet  clover,  alfalfa,  cowpeas,  soybeans,  vetch,  hubam  clover, 
timothy,  potatoes,  and  cotton. 


, 

1926]  THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS  43 

On  many  of  the  fields  a  standard  four-year  rotatioa  has  been  prac- 
ticed. It  was  patterned  after  the  Norfolk  rotation  widely  practiced  in 
Europe  in  which  a  cultivated  crop  is  followed  by  a  spring  grain,  the 
spring  grain  by  a  legume,  and  the  legume  by  a  winter  grain.  Such  a 
rotation  permits  the  seeding  of  a  legume  in  the  winter  grains  for  use 
as  a  green  manure  for  the  cultivated  crop.  The  rotation  commonly 
practiced  on  the  Illinois  experiment  fields  has  been  corn,  oats,  clover, 
and  wheat  with  a  seeding  of  sweet  clover  on  the  plots  representing  the 
grain  system  of  farming.  The  sweet  clover  is  plowed  down  as  a  green 
manure  for  corn  the  following  year.  If  the  regular  crop  of  clover, 
usually  red  or  alsike  clover,  fails,  soybeans  are  substituted.  On  some 
fields  this  rotation  is  accompanied  by  alfalfa,  which  is  grown  on  a 
fifth  series  during  one  complete  rotation  of  the  other  crops,  after  which 
it  is  shifted  to  another  series. 

THE  STANDARD  PLAN  OF  SOIL  TREATMENT 

For  the  most  part,  a  rather  uniform  scheme  of  soil  treatment  has 
been  followed  on  the  different  fields.  In  both  the  livestock  and  grain 
systems,  untreated  plots  have  been  retained  to  serve  as  checks  for  the 
soil  treatments  applied.  Certain  plots  in  each  system  have  received 
either  animal  manure  or  plant  manure;  another  plot  has  received  pul- 
verized limestone  in  addition  to  the  manures;  another  plot  as  a  further 
addition  has  received  rock  phosphate,  and  still  another  plot,  in  the 
grain  system  only,  has  received  potash  salts  in  addition  to  the  above 
materials.  A  third  untreated  plot  has  been  maintained,  thus  making  a 
total  of  ten  plots  in  each  series.  In  general,  the  manner  of  applying 
and  the  amounts  of  the  materials  applied  have  been  as  follows: 

Animal  Manures. — Animal  manure,  consisting  of  excreta  from 
animals  with  stable  litter,  has  been  applied  to  the  respective  plots  for 
corn  in  amounts  equal  to  the  total  weight  of  the  crops  produced  in  the 
previous  rotation. 

Plant  Manures. — Crop  residues  produced  upon  the  land,  consisting 
of  stalks,  straw,  and  chaff,  have  been  returned  to  the  respective  plots 
at  convenient  times  during  the  rotation.  In  addition  to  these  materials 
sweet  clover  has  been  seeded  in  the  wheat  and  plowed  under  the  fol- 
lowing spring  for  corn.  (On  plots  where  limestone  is  lacking,  sweet 
clover  seldom  survives.)  These  practices  are  designated  as  the  residue 
system. 

Limestone. — Limestone  has  been  applied  usually  at  the  rate  of  4 
tons  an  acre  as  an  initial  application,  and  2  tons  an  acre  each  four 
years  thereafter,  usually  to  the  surface  soil  in  the  preparation  of  the 
seedbed  for  wheat. 

Phosphate. — Rock  phosphate  has  been  applied  usually  at  the  rate 
of  1  ton  an  acre  to  the  clover  sod  previous  to  plowing  for  wheat. 


44  BULLETIN  No.  273  [January, 

Potash  Salts. — Kainit  at  the  rate  of  800  pounds  an  acre  once  dur- 
ing the  rotation  in  connection  with  the  phosphate  has  been  the  stan- 
dard application  of  potassium.  During  the  World  War  potash  salts 
from  Nebraska,  in  amounts  carrying  the  same  quantity  of  potassium, 
were  used. 

On  some  fields,  minor  series  and  extra  plots  have  permitted  devi- 
ations from  these  more  or  less  standard  plans.  These  deviations  will 
be  described  in  connection  with  the  crop  data  from  the  individual 
fields. 

NECESSITY  FOR  CHANGES  IN  STANDARD  PLANS 

Experience  with  this  more  or  less  uniform  system  of  cropping  and 
soil  treatment  has  revealed  that  it  cannot  be  universally  used  with 
satisfactory  response.  Its  practice  for  several  rotations  on  some  fields 
appeared  to  develop  conditions  which  had  a  depressing  effect  upon 
crop  yields.  In  some  instances  the  small  grain  lodged  frequently. 
Because  of  the  more  or  less  complex  interrelationships  of  the  various 
factors  concerned,  the  exact  cause  or  causes  for  these  behaviors  were 
not  clearly  understood.  In  some  cases  the  amount  of  nitrogeneous 
organic  matter  incorporated  into  the  soil  may  have  become  excessive 
and  thus  brought  about  the  unfavorable  conditions  for  the  rotation 
practices.  In  some  cases  the  difficulty  may  have  been  due  to  the 
continued  use  of  straw  residues.  In  other  cases  it  may  have  been  due 
to  applications  of  mineral  fertilizers  in  improper  proportions  or 
amounts.  Whatever  the  reason  or  reasons  may  have  been,  it  became 
clear  during  the  past  few  years  that  some  deviations  from  the  standard 
practices  should  be  instituted.  Some  such  changes  have  been  made, 
among  which  may  be  mentioned  the  following: 

Rotations. — The  rotation  on  some  of  the  more  naturally  produc- 
tive fields  has  been  changed  to  include  two  crops  of  corn  instead  of 
one.  The  rotation  on  these  fields  as  now  practiced  is  corn,  corn,  oats, 
and  wheat.  Hubam  clover  is  seeded  in  the  oats  on  all  plots  and  will 
be  utilized  as  a  hay  crop  preceding  the  seeding  of  wheat.  The  use  of 
biennial  sweet  clover  is  continued  as  in  the  past. 

Residues. — The  return  of  oats  and  wheat  straw  has  been  omitted 
on  most  of  the  fields.  In  a  few  instances  oats  straw  is  still  returned. 

Limestone. — Regular  limestone  applications  have  been  temporar- 
ily abandoned  on  all  fields.  Future  applications  will  be  made  only 
when  there  appears  to  be  a  need  for  more  as  indicated  by  tests  and  by 
crop  response. 

Rock  Phosphate. — Plans  have  been  made  to  stop  entirely  the 
applications  of  rock  phosphate  on  all  plots  as  soon  as  the  total  appli- 
cation on  them  has  reached  4  tons  an  acre.  This  point  has  already 
been  reached  on  many  of  the  fields. 

Other  changes  are  needed  and  these  will  be  made  as  soon  as  more 
definite  information  is  obtained  as  to  what  should  be  done. 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS  45 


From  the  above  brief  discussion  it  appears  that  the  practice  of 
uniform  cropping  and  soil  treatment  methods  for  long  periods  may 
develop  unfavorable  as  well  as  favorable  conditions  for  the  production 
of  crops.  This  is  undoubtedly  true  because  of  the  dynamic,  ever- 
changing  character  of  soils.  Being  made  up  of  complex  organic  and 
inorganic  materials  in  various  proportions  and  teeming  with  life  in  the 
form  of  microorganisms,  soils  will  vary  in  their  requirements  and  in 
their  response  to  a  given  set  of  management  standards.  For  these 
reasons  soil  management  practices  should  vary  in  such  a  manner  as  to 
maintain  the  proper  physical,  chemical,  and  biological  balances  in  soils 
suitable  for  profitable  and  permanent  crop  production  on  the  type 
concerned.  When  certain  practices  are  unvaried  for  long  periods,  a 
considerable  time  may  be  required  to  effect  improvement  after  they 
are  changed.  For  this  reason  new  investigations  should  be  established 
from  time  to  time  based  on  the  experiences  of  the  old  in  order  to  de- 
termine the  relationships  of  the  various  practices  and  to  serve  as  a 
guide  in  practical  soil  management. 

As  a  result  of  the  work  thus  far  conducted  by  the  Experiment 
Station  on  its  soil  experiment  fields,  new  problems  have. arisen  calling 
for  information  on  many  points,  among  which  the  following  are  the 
more  important: 

1.  The  rotations  best  adapted  to  the  region  and  to  the-  system  of 
farming  being  practiced. 

2.  The  comparative  value  of  various  legumes  in  the  rotation. 

3.  Methods  of  utilizing  legumes  for  economic  soil  improvement. 

4.  The  power  of  various  crops  to  utilize  insoluble  plant-nutrient- 
bearing  minerals,  either  native  to  the  soil  or  applied  to  it. 

5.  The   effect  of  non-legume  residues,   such   as   cornstalks   and 
straws,  on  the  soil  and  on  the  growing  crop. 

6.  The  amounts,  physical  condition,  frequency  of  application,  and 
form  of  lime  necessary  to  produce  economic  results. 

7.  The  effect  on  the  soil  and  on  the  crops  of  excessive  applications 
of  limestone. 

8.  The  influence  of  soil  type,  crop  rotation,  and  limestone,  as  well 
as  the  frequency,  rates,  and  manner  of  applying  rock  phosphate,  on 
the  effectiveness  of  rock  phosphate. 

9.  The  comparative  value  of  various  phosphate  carriers  under 
different  conditions  of  soil  and  soil  management. 

10.  A  more  thoro  study  of  potash  fertilizers  under  various  condi- 
tions of  soil  and  soil  management. 


46  BULLETIN  No.  273  [January, 

EXPLANATION  OF  SYMBOLS  USED 

The  following  symbols  are  used  to  designate  the  various  soil 
treatments : 

0  =  Untreated  land  or  check  plots 
M  =  Manure  (animal) 

R  =  Residues  (from  crops,  and  includes  legumes  used  as  green  manure) 
L  =  Limestone 

K  =  Potassium  (usually  in  form  of  kainit) 
N  =  Nitrogen  (usually  in  the  form  contained  in  dried  blood) 
Le  =  Legumes  used  as  green  manure 
Cv  =  Cover  crop  (legume  or  non-legume) 

P  =  Phosphorus  applied  either  as  bone  meal  or  as  rock  phosphate 
aP  =  Acid  phosphate 
bP  =  Steamed  bone  meal 
sP  =  Slag  phosphate 
rP  =  Rock  phosphate 
(     )  =  Parentheses  inclosing  figures  signify  tons  of  hay  as  distinguished  from 

bushels  of  seed. 

The  single  vertical  line  in  the  tables  indicates  the  beginning  of 
full  soil  treatment.  The  double  vertical  lines  indicate  a  radical  change 
in  either  the  cropping  system  or  the  fertilization. 

THE  INDIVIDUAL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 

The  individual  experiment  fields  are  presented  in  alphabetic  order 
on  the  following  pages.  With  the  foregoing  general  explanation  the 
reader  should  be  able  to  obtain  from  the  descriptions,  maps,  and  tables 
the  essential  information  connected  with  these  field  investigations.  For 
the  sake  of  brevity,  considerable  information  concerning  details  that 
might  ordinarily  appear  in  the  descriptive  text  is  carried  in  the  table 
footnotes. 


1926}  THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS  47 

ALEDO  FIELD,  MERCER  COUNTY 
ESTABLISHED  1910 

Location. — One-half  mile  west  of  the  railway  station  at  Aledo. 
A  part  of  the  S.E.  %  of  the  S.E.  %,  Sec.  18,  Twp.  14  N.,  R.  3  W.  of  the 
4th  P.  M. 

Description. — The  field  consists  of  about  20  acres  of  dark-colored 
loessial  upland  soil,  which  is  neutral  or  slightly  acid  in  reaction.  The 
land  is  practically  uniform  both  in  soil  type  and  in  topography. 
With  the  exception  of  a  small  area  on  Plot  101,  consisting  of  Black 
Silty  Clay  Loam  On  Clay,  poorly  drained  phase  (Loessial  Clyde  silty 
clay  loam),  the  field  consists  entirely  of  Brown  Silt  Loam  On  Clay 
(Grundy  Silt  Loam) .  The  land  is  thoroly  tiled  and  drains  well.  The 
field  is  divided  into  eight  series,  each  of  which  contains  4  or  10  fifth- 
acre  plots. 

History. — This  field  was  purchased  by  the  business  men  and 
landowners  of  Aledo  and  vicinity,  in  part  thru  the  efforts  of  Williams 
and  Vashti  College,  and  donated  to  the  University  for  experimental 
purposes.  In  1909  the  land  occupied  by  Series  100  and  200  grew  corn, 
while  that  occupied  by  Series  300  and  400  was  in  clover  sod  on  which 
more  or  less  manure  had  been  applied  during  the  winter  and  spring. 
No  further  information  is  available  in  regard  to  the  previous  treatment 
which  the  field  had  received. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — The  somewhat  standard  crop  ro- 
tation and  soil  treatment  described  in  the  introduction  were  estab- 
lished on  Series  100,  200,  300,  and  400.  These  methods  were  followed 
without  change  until  1918,  when  it  was  planned  to  harvest  the  first 
crop  of  red  clover  on  the  residue  plots  for  hay  and  to  plow  down  the 
second  crop  if  no  seed  were  formed.  In  1921  the  return  of  the  oats 
straw  was  discontinued.  In  1923  the  rotation  was  changed  to  one  of 
corn,  corn,  oats,  and  wheat.  In  this  rotation  it  was  planned  to  seed 
hubam  clover  in  the  oats  on  all  plots,  for  use  as  hay  or  for  soil  im- 
provement, and  common  sweet  clover  in  the  wheat  on  the  residue  plots 
for  use  as  a  green  manure.  Since  this  change,  no  residues  except  corn- 
stalks and  the  green  manure  have  been  returned  to  the  residue  plots. 
The  limestone  applications  were  temporarily  abandoned  in  1923.  No 
more  will  be  applied  until  there  appears  to  be  a  need  for  them.  The 
phosphate  applications  were  evened  up  to  a  total  of  4  tons  an  acre  in 
1924,  and  no  more  will  be  applied  for  some  time  at  least. 

Alfalfa  was  grown  on  Series  500,  600,  700,  and  800  until  1916.  No 
soil  treatments  were  applied  except  limestone  to  Plots  3  and  4.  Since 
1916  the  same  crops  have  been  grown  on  these  series  as  have  been 
grown  on  the  grain  plots  of  Series  200.  Coincident  with  this  change 
various  carriers  of  phosphate  have  been  applied  to  Plots  2  and  3  of 
these  four  series.  Bone  meal  at  the  rotation  rate  of  800  pounds  an 


48 


BULLETIN  No.  273 


[January, 


acre  was  applied  to  Series  500.  In  a  similar  manner  1,333  pounds  of 
acid  phosphate  was  applied  to  Series  600;  2,667  pounds  of  rock  phos- 
phate to  Series  700;  and  1,000  pounds  of  slag  phosphate  to  Series  800. 
These  phosphates  have  all  been  applied  once  during  the  rotation, 
preceding  the  corn.  No  limestone  has  been  applied  to  Plots  1  and  2 
on  these  series,  thus  making  it  possible  to  study  the  value  of  the  phos- 
phates with  and  without  limestone.  The  last  application  of  limestone 
on  these  series  was  made  in  1918. 


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SOIL  MAP  or  ALEDO  FIELD 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


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50 


BULLETIN  No.  273 


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THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


51 


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52  BULLETIN  No.  273 

ALHAMBRA  FIELD,  MADISON  COUNTY 
ESTABLISHED  1918 

Location. — About  one  mile  south  of  Alhambra.  The  E.  %  of  the 
S.  V2  of  the  S.E.  %,  Sec.  14,  Twp.  5  N.,  R.  6  W.  of  the  3d  P.  M. 

Description. — The  field  consists  of  40  acres  of  dark-colored  loes- 
sial  soil  of  medium  to  strong  acidity.  Only  one  soil  type  has  been 
mapped  on  the  field,  namely,  Brown-Gray  Silt  Loam  On  Tight  Clay 
(Putnam  silt  loam). 

The  land  is  practically  level.    The  west  half  of  the  field  is  tile- 
drained,  while  the  east  half  is  drained  by  surface  methods  entirely. 
The  drainage  is  not  satisfactory,  owing  to  the  impervious  nature  of , 
the  subsoil.     The  field  is  divided  into  four  series  of  36  fifth-acre 
plots  each.    Each  series  is  further  divided  into  two  divisions,  one  of 
which  contains  the  plots  numbered  from  1  to  18  and  the  other  the 
plots  numbered  from  21  to  38.    A  hedge  fence  on  the  south  line  ofi 
the  field  probably  vitiates  to  some  extent  the  yields  on  Plot  38  of 
each  series. 

History. — The  Alhambra  field  was  donated  to  the  University  for 
experimental  purposes  by  Mr.  Adolph  Hitz  of  Alhambra.  Previous 
to  that  time  the  land  had  been  farmed  for  a  number  of  years  under 
a  tenant  system.  Corn,  oats,  wheat,  and  timothy  meadow  were  the 
chief  crops  grown.  Some  clover  was  seeded  also. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — The  Alhambra  field  is  used  pri- 
marily for  crop  investigations.  A  definite  rotation  has,  however,  been 
practiced  over  the  entire  field  and  some  plots  have  received  various 
soil  treatments. 

The  rotation  established  on  this  field  is  corn,  oats,  mammoth 
clover,  and  wheat,  with  a  seeding  of  sweet  clover  for  use  as  a  green 
manure.  No  animal  manure  has  been  used  on  this  field,  all  plots  being 
handled  as  grain-system  plots.  All  plots  except  those  ending  in  the 
numbers  9  and  0  have  received  limestone  and  rock  phosphate  in 
accordance  with  the  plans  described  in  the  introduction.  Plots  ending 
in  the  number  9  have  received  residues  only,  while  those  ending  in  0 
have  received  rock  phosphate  in  addition  to  the  residues. 


1926} 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


53 


SOIL  MAP  OF  ALHAMBF.A  FIELD 


54 


BULLETIN  No.  273 


[January, 


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THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


55 


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»Plot3  338  and  438  a 
chinch  bugs. 

56  BULLETIN  No.  273  [January, 


Location. — Three  miles  southeast  of  Antioch  on  the  farm  of 
Mr.  D.  M.  White.  A  part  of  the  N.W.  %  of  the  S.W.  %  of  the 
N.E.  %,  Sec.  22,  Twp.  46  N.,  R.  10  E.  of  the  3rd  P.  M.  A  part  of  this 
field  which  was  discontinued  in  1911  lay  adjacent  to  the  above 
described  land  and  another  portion,  also  nearby,  which  was  also  dis- 
continued in  1911,  was  a  part  of  the  N.E.  %  of  the  S.E.  %  of  the 
N.W.  !/4,  Sec.  22,  Twp.  46  N.,  R.  10  E.  of  the  3rd  P.  M.,  on  the  farm 
of  H.  D.  Hughes. 

Description. — The  field  now  in  operation  consists  of  1.7  acres  of 
medium-acid,  light-colored  upland  soil  developed  on  highly  calcareous 
drift.  The  land  is  uniform  from  the  standpoint  of  type,  there  being 
only  one  type  present,  namely,  Yellow-Gray  Silt  Loam  On  Calcareous 
Drift  (Miami  silt  loam).  The  land  is  slightly  rolling.  It  was  tiled 
in  1920  and  drains  well.  Each  of  the  discontinued  parts  of  this  field 
contained  2.5  acres.  The  soil  on  those  areas  is  probably  similar  to 
the  soil  described  above.  The  individual  plots  on  all  series  were  one- 
tenth  acre  in  size. 

History. — The  Antioch  field  is  leased  from  Mr.  D.  M.  White. 
The  land  occupied  by  Series  100  was  first  used  for  experimental  pur- 
poses in  1902  and  is  still  so  used.  The  land  occupied  by  Series  200 
and  300  was  not  used  experimentally  until  1904.  After  eight  years 
use  these  two  series  were  discontinued.  Little  is  known  of  the  previous 
history  of  these  three  series  except  that  the  year  previous  to  which 
experimental  work  was  begun,  the  land  occupied  by  Series  100  was  in 
corn,  while  that  occupied  by  Series  200  and  300  was  in  oats,  with 
clover  seeding. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — Series  100  was  originally  planned 
for  a  special  fertility  test.  A  four-year  rotation  of  corn,  corn,  oats, 
and  wheat  was  practiced.  Fertilizers  were  applied  at  the  following 
annual  acre  rates:  phosphorus  in  200  pounds  of  steamed  bone  meal, 
potassium  in  100  pounds  of  potassium  sulfate,  and  nitrogen  in  800 
pounds  of  dried  blood.  The  first  two  applications  of  phosphorus  were 
made  in  the  form  of  acidulated  bone  and  the  first  application  of  po- 
tassium in  the  form  of  muriate.  Slaked  lime  was  applied  in  1902  at  the 
rate  of  470  pounds  an  acre.  No  further  applications  of  lime  were  made 
until  1912.  In  1912  the  rotation  was  changed  to  corn,  oats,  clover, 
wheat,  with  mixed  clover,  including  sweet  clover,  seeded  on  the  residue 
plots.  The  soil  treatment  remained  the  same  except  that  crop  residues 
were  substituted  for  commercial  nitrogen  and  an  application  of  2  tons 
of  limestone  an  acre  was  made  once  during  the  rotation.  This  plan  was 
followed  without  change  until  1922,  when  the  application  of  all  fertil- 
izers except  residues  was  discontinued. 


1926} 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


57 


Series  200  and  300  were  cropped  with  a  rotation  of  corn,  corn, 
oats,  and  clover.  Soybeans  were  seeded  in  the  corn  on  the  residue  plots 
on  Series  200,  and  cowpeas  in  the  corn  on  Series  300.  The  manure  was 
applied  at  the  rate  of  8  tons  an  acre  to  the  clover  sod.  Phosphorus,  in 
the  form  of  rock  phosphate,  was  applied  at  the  rate  of  1  ton  an  acre 
each  rotation.  Limestone  was  applied  approximately  at  the  rate  of  2 
tons  an  acre  each  rotation. 


Yellow- Gray  Silt  Loam  On  Calcareous  Drift 
Miami  silt  loam 

SOIL  MAP  OF  ANTIOCH  FIELD 

(Map  of  present  plots — Series  100) 


58 


BULLETIN  No.  273 


[January 


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THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


59 


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60  BULLETIN  No.  273  [January, 

AUBURN  FIELD,  SANGAMON  COUNTY 
ESTABLISHED  1905 — DISCONTINUED  1912 

Location. — Five  miles  northwest  of  Auburn  on  the  farm  of  Mr. 
B.  F.  Workman.  A  part  of  the  N.W.  %  of  the  S.E.  %,  Sec  1,  Twp. 
13,  R.  7  W.  of  the  3d  P.  M. 

Description. — The  field  consisted  of  9.7  acres  of  dark-colored 
upland  soil,  probably  somewhat  sour,  divided  into  two  series  of  15 
fifth-acre  plots  each.  At  the  time  it  was  established  the  soil  was 
classified  as  Brown  Silt  Loam  and  the  field  was  described  as  being 
"generally  level"  and  drained  by  tile. 

History. — The  Auburn  field  was  leased  from  Mr.  B.  F.  Workman. 
Previous  to  1905  the  land  had  produced  crops  of  corn,  oats,  and  wheat, 
and  occasionally  a  crop  of  clover.  No  treatment  had  ever  been  given 
the  land  except  hulled  clover  straw  that  may  have  been  left  in  the 
field  at  various  times.  In  1904,  the  entire  field  was  in  oats  with  a 
clover  seeding. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — The  rotation  practiced  on  this 
field  was  corn,  corn,  oats,  clover.  Cowpeas  were  seeded  in  the  corn 
on  the  residue  plots  for  use  as  residues.  All  the  clover  grown  on 
Plots  2,  7,  and  12,  except  the  seed,  was  returned  to  these  plots  in  the 
form  of  clippings  and  hullings.  Manure  was  applied  to  the  manure 
plots  at  the  rate  of  8  tons  an  acre  on  the  clover  sod.  Phosphorus  was 
applied  in  the  form  of  rock  phosphate  at  the  rate  of  1  ton  an  acre 
each  rotation.  Potassium  was  applied  in  the  form  of  potassium  sul- 
fate  at  the  rate  of  400  pounds  an  acre  each  rotation. 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


61 


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62  BULLETIN  No.  273  [January, 

BLOOMINGTON  FIELD,  McLEAN  COUNTY 
ESTABLISHED  1902 

Location. — About  2~y2  miles  northeast  of  Bloomington  on  the 
S.  Noble  King  farm.  A  part  of  the  N.E.  %  of  the  N.W.  %  of  the  S.W. 
y4,  Sec  25,  Twp.  24  N.,  R.  2  E.  of  the  3d  P.  M. 

Description. — The  field  consists  of  4.4  acres  of  dark-colored 
loessial,  upland  soil  of  slight  acidity.  Three  soil  types  have  been 
mapped  on  the  field:  (1)  Brown  Silt  Loam  On  Clay  (Grundy  silt 
loam) ;  (2)  Brown  Silt  Loam  (Muscatine  silt  loam) ;  and  (3)  Black 
Clay  Loam,  poorly  drained  phase  (Loessial  Clyde  clay  loam).  The 
land  is  slightly  rolling  and  drains  well  without  tile.  The  field  is  plotted 
in  one  series  of  10  fifth-acre  plots. 

History. — The  Bloomington  field  was  originally  leased  from 
S.  Noble  King.  The  lease  has  been  continued  under  the  terms  of  his 
will.  The  land  had  been  well  cared  for  previous  to  its  use  for  experi- 
mental purposes,  being  a  large  part  of  the  time  in  grass  and  clover. 
In  1901  it  was  in  oats. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — This  field  was  originally  planned 
for  what  was  called  a  complete  fertility  test.  The  rotation  was  corn, 
corn,  oats,  wheat,  and  clover.  In  1909  this  was  changed  to  corn, 
corn,  oats,  clover,  wheat,  with  a  clover  seeding,  including  sweet  clover, 
on  the  residue  plots  for  use  as  a  green  manure.  Until  1905  nitrogen 
was  applied  to  the  residue  plots  in  800  pounds  of  dried  blood  an  acre 
each  year.  Thereafter  only  the  grain  and  clover  seed  were  removed 
from  these  plots  and  all  the  residues  produced  were  substituted  for 
the  dried  blood.  Steamed  bone  meal  applied  at  the  annual  acre  rate  of 
200  pounds  supplied  the  phosphorus;  potassium  was  supplied  by' 
potassium  sulfate  used  at  the  rate  of  100  pounds  an  acre  a  year.  No 
phosphate  or  potash  has  been  applied  since  1917.  Slaked  lime  at  the 
rate  of  320  pounds  an  acre  was  applied  in  1902  and  no  further  applica- 
tions were  made  until  1914,  when  2%  tons  of  limestone  were  applied. 
A  similar  amount  was  applied  in  1919  and  no  applications  have  been 
made  since.  In  1922  application  of  all  residues  except  cornstalks 
and  the  green  manure  crops  was  discontinued. 

In  1924  an  additional  plot  was  added  to  the  east  end  of  the  series, 
and  the  plots  were  divided  into  north  and  south  halves.  A  more  com- 
prehensive plan  of  fertilization  was  instituted  for  the  purpose  of 
studying  the  comparative  value  of  different  carriers  of  phosphorus. 


1926] 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


63 


Brown  Silt  Loam  On  Clay 
Grundy  silt  loam 

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phase 
Loessial  Clyde  cfay  loam 

_-_->: 

Brown  Silt  Loam 
Muscatine  silt  loam 

E 

Scale 
20    40           so                         160  Fe«t 

Contour  interval  -  1  foot 


SOIL  MAP  OFBLOOMINGTON  FIELD 


64 


BULLETIN  No.  273 


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1926}  THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS  65 

CARLINVILLE  FIELD,  MACOUPIN  COUNTY 
ESTABLISHED  1910 

Location. — About  one-half  mile  north  of  Blackburn  College  in 
Carlinville.  A  part  of  the  N.  V2  of  the  S.E.  14  of  the  S.E.  y±,  Sec.  21, 
Twp.  10  N.,  R.  7  W.  of  the  3d  P.  M. 

Description. — The  field  consists  of  20  acres  of  dark-colored,  loes- 
sial,  upland  soil  of  medium  acidity.  Five  soil  types  have  been  mapped: 

(1)  Brown-Gray  Silt  Loam  On  Tight  Clay    (Putnam   silt  loam) ; 

(2)  Grayish  Brown  Silt  Loam  On  Tight  Clay   (Grundy  silt  loam, 
grayish   phase) ;    (3)    Grayish   Brown   Clay  Loam   On   Tight   Clay 
(Grundy  clay  loam,  grayish  phase) ;  (4)  Black  Clay  Loam  (Grundy 
clay  loam);  and  (5)  Brown  Silt  Loam  On  Tight  Clay  (Grundy  silt 
loam,  tight  phase).     The  land  is  rather  flat.     It  is  tile-drained  and 
drains  fairly  well.    The  field  is  divided  into  eight  series,  four  of  which 
contain  10  fifth-acre  plots  and  four  of  which  contain  7  tenth-acre  plots. 

History. — The  Carlinville  field  is  a  direct  donation  from  Black- 
burn College  on  the  basis  of  a  permanent  lease  without  rents.  This 
field  had  been  in  timothy  sod  a  number  of  years  previous  to  1910. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — In  1910  the  somewhat  standard 
rotation  and  soil  treatment  described  in  the  introduction  were 
established  on  Series  100,  200,  300,  and  400.  Beginning  with  1921  the 
clover  on  the  grain  system  plots  was  harvested  for  hay  rather  than 
seed.  At  that  time  the  return  of  oat  straw  was  discontinued.  The 
following  year  the  return  of  wheat  straw  was  also  discontinued.  The 
use  of  limestone  was  also  discontinued  in  1922.  In  1923  the  phosphate 
applications  were  evened  up  on  all  plots,  and  no  more  will  be  applied 
for  an  indefinite  time. 

In  the  beginning,  Series  500  and  600  were  left  unplotted.  A  rota- 
tion of  wheat  and  red  clover  was  planned  for  one  of  these  series  for  a 
period  of  six  years,  while  alfalfa  grew  on  the  other  for  an  equal  time, 
after  which  the  alfalfa  was  to  be  shifted.  Prior  to  1921  these  plots  had 
each  received  a  total  of  12  tons  of  manure,  8%  tons  of  limestone,  3 
tons  of  rock  phosphate,  and  approximately  2,500  pounds  of  kainit  an 
acre.  In  1921  these  two  series  were  plotted.  No  further  treatment  has 
been  applied. 

Series  700  and  800  were  also  left  unplotted  when  the  field  was 
established.  A  rotation  similar  to  that  on  Series  500  and  600  wras 
practiced  on  them,  except  that  timothy  was  substituted  for  the  alfalfa. 
No  soil  treatment,  however,  was  applied  to  these  two  series.  In  1921 
both  series  were  plotted,  and  the  rotation  was  changed  to  corn  and 
wheat  with  a  seeding  of  sweet  clover  on  all  plots  except  Plot  7  for  use 
as  a  green  manure.  The  mineral  treatments  planned  were: 


66 


BULLETIN  No.  273 


[January, 


Plot 

1 — Limestone   250   pounds 

2 — Limestone  1,000  pounds 

3 — Limestone   500   pounds 

4 — Limestone   500    pounds,    superphosphate    100   pounds 

5 — Limestone   500    pounds,   acid   phosphate   200    pounds 

6 — Limestone  500   pounds,   rock   phosphate   400   pounds 

7 — Limestone   500    pounds 

The  phosphates  have  been  applied  annually  to  both  series.  Lime- 
stone has  been  applied  biennially  for  the  wheat  crop  on  Series  700,  but 
a  twenty-year  application  was  made  to  Series  800  in  the  beginning  and 
no  more  will  be  applied  for  that  length  of  time. 


||j  Brown-Ora.  Sill  Loam  On  Tight  Clay 

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F!v3   Grayish  Bnj«n  Clay  Loam  On  Tght  Clay 
L V.I   Qryndy  clay  loam,  grayish  phase 


k  Clnv  L 
dy  clay 


X-',    Brown  S.It  Loam  On  Tight  Clay 

L--'A  J    Qrundy    -..It    loam,  tight    phase 


SOIL  MAP  or  CAKLINVILLE  FICLO 


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1926}  THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS  71 

CARTHAGE  FIELD,  HANCOCK  COUNTY 
ESTABLISHED  1911 

Location. — Five  blocks  south  of  the  courthouse  in  Carthage.  A 
part  of  the  E.  y2  of  the  S.W.  *4  of  the  S.W.  *4,  Sec.  19,  Twp.  5  N.,  R.  6 
W.  of  the  4th  P.  M. 

Description. — The  field  consists  of  20  acres  of  dark-colored  loes- 
sial  upland  soil  of  medium  acidity.  Two  soil  types  have  been  mapped 
on  the  field:  (1)  Black  Silty  Clay  Loam  On  Clay  (Grundy  silty  clay 
loam) ;  and  (2)  Grayish  Brown  Silt  Loam  On  Tight  Clay  (Grundy 
silt  loam,  grayish  phase).  The  land  is  comparatively  level,  sloping 
gently  toward  the  south  and  east.  It  is  thoroly  tile-drained  and  drains 
well.  The  field  is  divided  into  four  series  which  contain  10  fifth-acre 
plots  each  and  three  series  which  contain  8  tenth-acre  plots  each. 

History. — The  Carthage  field  was  purchased  by  the  business  men 
and  landowners  of  Carthage  and  vicinity,  and  donated  to  the  Univer- 
sity for  experimental  purposes.  Previous  to  1911  this  field  had  been 
cropped  continuously  for  a  long  time  and  was  in  very  poor  physical 
condition.  In  1910  the  field  was  in  oats. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — The  somewhat  standard  rotation 
and  soil  treatments  described  in  the  introduction  were  established  on 
Series  100,  200,  300,  and  400.  These  methods  were  followed  without 
change  until  1920,  when  it  was  planned  to  harvest  the  first  crop  of 
clover  on  the  grain  system  of  plots  as  hay  and  the  second  as  seed,  re- 
turning the  chaff  to  those  plots.  In  1922  plans  were  made  to  harvest 
all  clover  as  hay,  and  to  discontinue  the  application  of  oat  and  wheat 
straws.  No  limestone  has  been  applied  since  1922.  In  1924  the  phos- 
phate applications  were  evened  up  to  4  tons  an  acre  on  all  series,  and 
no  further  applications  will  be  made  for  an  indefinite  time. 

In  1912  limestone  was  applied  at  the  rate  of  4  tons  an  acre  to  the 
land  now  occupied  by  Series  500,  600,  and  700.  Alfalfa  was  grown  on 
this  land  until  1920,  when  it  was  plotted  for  the  purpose  of  studying 
the  comparative  value  of  different  amounts  of  rock  phosphate,  alone 
and  with  corresponding  amounts  of  gypsum.  The  rotation  practiced 
on  these  series  has  been  corn,  corn,  and  oats  with  sweet  clover  seeding 
for  use  as  a  green  manure  crop  for  the  first  crop  of  corn.  Rock  phos- 
phate and  gypsum  are  applied  once  during  the  rotation  and  are  plowed 
under  in  connection  with  the  sweet  clover.  On  Plots  2  and  3  the  rock 
phosphate  is  applied  at  the  rotation  rate  of  300  pounds  an  acre,  on 
Plots  4  and  5  at  600  pounds,  and  on  Plots  6  and  7  at  1,200  pounds. 
The  gypsum  is  applied  on  Plots  3,  5,  and  7  in  corresponding  amounts. 
No  limestone  has  been  applied  to  these  series  since  the  initial  appli- 
cation in  1912. 


72 


BULLETIN  No.  273 


' 


Si  Black  Silty  Clay  Loam  On  Clay 

D 


Gray.sh  Brown  S.It  Loa-n  On  Tight  Clay 
(jrundy  silt  loam,  grayish   phase 


SOIL  MAP  OF  CAHTHAQE  FIELD 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


73 


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74 


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THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


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Gypsum  (100)  

Gypsum  (200)  

Gypsum  (400)  



Gypsum  (100)  

Gypsum  (200)  
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Gypsum  (100)  

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76  BULLETIN  No.  273  [January, 

CLAYTON  FIELD,  ADAMS  COUNTY 
ESTABLISHED  1911 

Location. — About  one-quarter  mile  south  of  Clayton.  A  part  of 
the  W.  end  of  the  N.  i/2  of  the  S.W.  *4,  Sec.  35,  Twp.  1  N.,  R.  5  W. 
of  the  4th  P.  M. 

Description. — The  field  consists  of  20  acres  of  dark-colored  loes- 
sial  upland  soil  of  medium  acidity.  Four  soil  types  have  been  mapped 
on  this  field:  (1)  Light  Brown  Silt  Loam  On  Clay  (Grundy  silt  loam, 
light  phase) ;  (2)  Brown-Gray  Silt  Loam  On  Tight  Clay  (Putnam  silt 
loam;  (3)  Brown  Silt  Loam  On  Clay  (Grundy  silt  loam);  and  (4) 
Light  Brown  Silt  Loam  On  Clay,  poorly  drained  phase  (Loessial  Clyde 
silt  loam,  light  phase) .  The  land  is  gently  rolling,  sloping  toward  the 
west,  except  in  the  northwest  corner,  where  there  is  a  tendency  toward 
erosion  on  sharply  sloping  land  extending  in  part  across  Series  100. 
Beginning  in  1925  the  plots  on  Series  100  will  be  reduced  to  one-tenth 
acre  in  order  to  eliminate  this  difficulty  and  also  to  avoid  the  first  two 
soil  types  mentioned  above.  This  change  will  improve  the  uniformity 
of  both  the  soil  type  and  the  topography  of  that  part  of  the  field 
under  investigation.  The  land  is  tiled  and  it  drains  well.  The  field  is 
divided  into  four  series  of  14  fifth-acre  plots  each. 

History. — The  Clayton  field  was  purchased  by  the  citizens  of 
Clayton  and  vicinity  and  donated  to  the  University  for  experimental 
purposes.  Little  is  known  of  the  previous  history  of  this  field  except 
that  corn  grew  on  it  in  1910. 

Cropping  and  Treatment. — The  somewhat  standard  rotation  and 
soil  treatments  described  in  the  introduction  were  established  on  the 
first  ten  plots  of  each  of  the  four  series.  These  methods  were  followed 
without  change  until  1920,  when  it  was  planned  to  remove  from  the 
plots  in  the  grain  system  one  crop  of  clover  as  hay,  and  to  hull  the 
second  crop,  returning  the  chaff  to  those  plots.  In  1921  the  re- 
turn of  the  oats  straw  was  discontinued  and  plans  were  made  to  har- 
vest all  clover  as  hay.  In  1922  the  use  of  both  limestone  and  wheat 
straw  was  discontinued.  In  1923  the  phosphate  applications  were 
evened  up  to  4  tons  an  acre,  and  no  further  applications  will  be  made 
for  an  indefinite  time. 

The  land  occupied  by  Plots  A,  B,  C,  D  on  the  four  series  was 
originally  left  unplotted.  It  grew  alfalfa  until  1921,  when  it  was 
plotted  in  with  the  four  main  series.  Aside  from  an  initial  application 
in  1912  of  4  tons  of  limestone  an  acre  to  Plot  C,  the  east  half  of  Plot  B, 
and  the  west  quarter  of  Plot  D,  no  further  treatment  has  been  given 
these  plots. 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


77 


A    300-1    5CK    iM-D    301      302  <  303     304     305    304     307     3U     3C9     310 


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Light  Brswn  Silt  Loam  On  Clay,  poorly  drained   pha 
Loessial  Clyde  silt  loam,  light  phase 

SOIL  MAP  OF  CLAVTON  FitLD 


78 


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THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


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80  BULLETIN  No.  273  [January, 

CUTLER  FIELD,  PERRY  COUNTY 
ESTABLISHED  1902 — DISCONTINUED  1917 

Location. — Five  miles  northwest  of  Cutler  on  the  farm  of  Mr. 
W.  E.  Braden.  A  part  of  the  N.  y2  of  the  S.E.  i/i  of  the  N.W.  %,  Sec. 
19,  Twp.  5  S.,  R.  4  W.  of  the  3d  P.  M. 

Description. — This  field  consisted  of  18  acres  of  light-colored  up- 
land soil  which  was  probably  strongly  acid.  When  the  field  was  estab- 
lished the  soil  was  classified  as  Gray  Silt  Loam  On  Tight  Clay.  The 
land  was  described  as  being  rolling  enough  to  insure  good  drainage 
without  tile,  yet  sufficiently  level  and  uniform  for  experimental  pur- 
poses. It  was  divided  into  two  series  containing  fifth-acre  plots.  One 
series  was  subdivided  into  three  sections  of  10  plots  each. 

History. — The  Cutler  field  was  leased  from  Mr.  W.  E.  Braden. 
For  fifty  years  previous  to  1902  the  land  had  been  farmed  rather  inten- 
sively. From  1860  to  1882  it  had  grown  wheat  almost  continuously 
without  fertilizer  treatment  of  any  kind.  After  1882  other  crops  were 
grown,  more  livestock  was  kept,  and  some  commercial  fertilizer  was 
used.  In  1901  this  field  was  in  wheat. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — Of  the  15  plots  in  Series  100,  ten 
were  used  for  what  was  called  a  complete  fertility  test.  During  the 
first  eight  years  the  rotation  was  corn,  oats,  clover,  and  wheat  with 
clover  seeding  on  the  residue  plots.  Until  1905  nitrogen  in  the  form  of 
dried  blood  was  applied  each  year  on  the  residue  plots  at  the  rate  of 
800  pounds  an  acre.  After  1905  crop  residues  were  substituted  for  the 
dried  blood.  Phosphorus  in  the  form  of  steamed  bone  meal  was  applied 
at  the  rate  of  200  pounds  and  potassium  at  the  rate  of  100  pounds  of 
potassium  sulfate  an  acre  a  year.  In  1902  slaked  lime  at  the  rate  of 
450  pounds  an  acre  was  applied;  the  next  year  3  tons  was  applied.  No 
further  applications  were  made  until  1911,  when  2  tons  of  limestone 
was  applied.  A  similar  amount  was  applied  in  1916. 

In  1904  five  Plots,  98,  99,  100,  111,  and  112,  were  established  in 
connection  with  Series  100,  on  which  it  was  planned  to  compare  various 
carriers  of  phosphorus,  applied  in  proportion  to  equal  money  values, 
along  with  lime  and  potash,  and  with  and  without  residues.  Steamed 
bone  meal  was  applied  at  the  annual  rate  of  200  pound  an  acre, 
acid  phosphate  at  the  rate  of  200  pounds,  and  rock  phosphate  at 
the  rate  of  500  pounds  an  acre  on  Plot  100  and  600  pounds  on 
Plot  112.  The  initial  application  was  double  these  amounts. 

Series  200  was  cropped  with  a  rotation  of  wheat,  corn,  and  legumes, 
chiefly  soybeans.  Here  manure  and  residues  were  substituted  for  nitro- 
gen. Phosphorus  was  applied  in  200  pounds  of  steamed  bone  meal  and 
potassium  in  100  pounds  of  potassium  sulfate  an  acre  a  year.  In  1902 
an  application  of  450  pounds  of  slaked  lime  was  made;  in  1903  an 
application  of  3  tons  was  made,  and  no  more  was  applied  until  1911, 
when  applications  at  the  rate  of  1,000  pounds  an  acre  a  year  were 
begun. 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


81 


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1926}  THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS  83 

DEKALB  FIELD,  DEKALB  COUNTY 

ESTABLISHED  1906 

Location. — About  one  mile  south  of  DeKalb  on  land  owned  by  the 
Fairview  Park  Cemetery  Association.  A  part  of  the  S.E.  ^  of  the  S.E. 
1/4,  Sec.  27,  Twp.  40  N.,  R.  4  E.  of  the  3d  P.  M. 

Description. — The  field  consists  of  40  acres  of  dark-colored  loes- 
sial  and  drift  soils  of  slight  to  medium  acidity.  Nine  soil  types  have 
been  mapped  on  the  field:  (1)  Black  Clay  Loam  On  Drift  (Clyde  clay 
loam) ;  (2)  Black  Silty  Clay  Loam  On  Drift  (Clyde  silty  clay  loam) ; 
(3)  Black  Silty  Clay  Loam  On  Clay  (Grundy  silty  clay  loam) ;  (4) 
Brown  Silt  Loam  On  Calcareous  Drift  (Clarion  silt  loam) ;  (5) 
Brown  Silt  Loam  On  Red  Calcareous  Drift  ( Belief ontaine  silt  loam) ; 
(6)  Black  Clay  Loam,  poorly  drained  phase  (Loessial  Clyde  clay 
loam) ;  (7)  Brown  Silt  Loam  On  Plastic  Calcareous  Drift  (Webster 
silt  loam) ;  (8)  Brown  Silt  Loam  On  Clay  (Grundy  silt  loam) ;  and 
(9)  Brown  Silt  Loam  (Muscatine  silt  loam).  The  land  is  moderately 
rolling.  It  is  not  tile-drained,  the  surface  drainage  being  fairly  satis- 
factory. The  field  is  divided  into  four  series,  three  of  which  contain 
36  fifth-acre  plots  and  one  which  contains  36  tenth-acre  plots.  On  one 
division  these  plots  are  numbered  from  1  to  18  and  on  the  other  from 
21  to  38. 

History. — The  land  is  leased  from  the  Fairview  Park  Cemetery 
Association.  No  information  is  available  in  regard  to  the  previous 
history  of  the  field. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — The  DeKalb  field  is  used  primarily 
for  crop  studies  in  connection  with  two  definite  rotations.  Some  plots 
on  each  series  have  received  various  soil  treatments  under  standard 
cropping  conditions.  On  the  west  halves  of  all  series  a  rotation  of 
corn,  corn,  oats,  and  clover  has  been  practiced,  while  on  the  east  halves 
it  has  been  corn,  oats,  wheat,  and  clover.  All  plots  ending  in  the 
numbers  3,  6,  and  9  of  each  series  have  been  handled  as  grain  system 
plots,  while  all  plots  ending  in  the  numbers  10,  13,  and  16,  or  30,  33, 
and  36,  have  been  handled  as  livestock  plots.  All  plots  on  all  series 
have  received  either  crop  residues  or  manure,  and  with  the  exception 
of  those  ending  in  the  numbers  9  and  0  all  have  received  rock  phos- 
phate at  the  annual  acre  rate  of  500  pounds.  No  limestone  has  been 
used  on  this  field. 


84 


BULLETIN  No.  273 


[January, 


D  Black  Silty  Clay  Loam  On  Dnf 
Cly<M  ftilty  clay   loam 

fv/3  BlacK  Sil.yCtay  Loam  On  Clay 
I-  •  •  J  Qrvnjy  s**ty  clay  loam 


|X3  Black  Cla,  Laam,  poorl,  oVaineJ  plv»«    K\]  Bro«n  S,lt   Loam 
l.'i'i:!   Loe»5'»l  Cly^a  cla/ loam  r.VJ    Miucatm<  silt  bam 

SOIL  MAP  of  Dt  KALB  FIELD 


Contour  interval  -I'M 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


85 


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1926]  THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS  87 

DIXON  FIELD,  LEE  COUNTY 

ESTABLISHED  1910 

Location. — About  two  miles  west  of  Dixon  on  the  Lincoln  high- 
way. A  part  of  the  E.  V2  of  the  S.E.  ^4,  Sec.  26,  Twp.  22  N.,  R.  8  E. 
of  the  4th  P.  M. 

Description. — The  field  consists  of  21.41  acres  of  dark-colored 
loessial  soil  of  medium  acidity.  Four  types  of  soil  have  .been  mapped 
on  this  field:  (1)  Light  Brown  Silt  Loam  (Tama  silt  loam);  (2) 
Brown  Silt  Loam  (Muscatine  silt  loam) ;  (3)  Deep  Dark  Brown  Silt 
Loam  (Bremer  silt  loam) ;  and  (4)  Brown  Silt  Loam  On  Clay 
(Grundy  silt  loam).  The  land  is  rolling,  with  rather  sharp  slopes 
occurring  in  the  northwest  portion  of  the  field.  The  field  is  thoroly 
tile-drained  and  drains  well.  It  is  divided  into  eight  series,  four  of 
which  contain  10  fifth-acre  plots,  and  four  which  contain  4  fifth-acre 
plots,  each  plot  being  subdivided  into  north  and  south  halves. 

History. — The  Dixon  field  was  purchased  by  the  citizens  of  Dixon 
and  vicinity  and  donated  to  the  University  for  experimental  purposes. 
In  1909  the  land  occupied  by  Series  100  and  200  was  in  timothy  and 
clover  meadow.  That  occupied  by  Series  300  and  400  was  in  corn. 
There  is  little  information  available  regarding  the  previous  history  of 
the  field. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — The  somewhat  standard  crop 
rotation  and  soil  treatment  methods  described  in  the  introduction  were 
established  on  Series  100,  200,  300,  and  400.  These  methods  were  fol- 
lowed without  change  until  1921,  when  it  was  planned  to  remove  all 
clover  as  hay  and  to  discontinue  the  return  of  the  oat  straw.  In  1922 
the  return  of  the  wheat  straw  was  also  discontinued,  as  well  as  the 
application  of  limestone.  In  1923  the  phosphate  applications  were 
evened  up  to  4  tons  an  acre,  and  no  more  will  be  applied  for  an  indefi- 
nite period. 

When  the  field  was  established  Series  500,  600,  700,  and  800  were 
left  unplotted  and  were  seeded  to  alfalfa.  In  1912  they  were  plotted 
for  a  potato,  alfalfa  rotation.  It  was  planned  to  grow  potatoes  two 
years  in  succession  on  the  same  land,  while  alfalfa  was  to  be  grown  six 
years.  The  initial  application  of  limestone  was  at  the  rate  of  4  tons  an 
acre.  Subsequent  applications  were  at  the  rate  of  4  tons  an  acre  when 
the  land  was  seeded  to  alfalfa.  Rock  phosphate  was  applied  at  the 
annual  acre  rate  of  500  pounds.  Manure  was  applied  at  the  rate  of  15 
tons  an  acre  for  each  potato  crop.  Beginning  with  1915  potassium 
sulfate  was  applied  to  the  north  half  of  all  plots  at  the  rate  of  200 
pounds  an  acre  for  each  potato  crop.  In  1921  the  rotation  on  these 
series  was  changed  to  one  of  corn,  corn,  and  oats  with  sweet  clover 
seeding  on  Plots  2,  3,  and  4,  with  alfalfa  on  the  fourth  series  for  four 
years.  The  fertilizers  on  all  series  were  evened  up  at  this  time,  and  no 
more  will  be  applied  for  an  indefinite  period. 


88 


BULLETIN  No.  273 


SOIL  MAP  OF  DIXON  FIELD 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


89 


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92 


BULLETIN  No.  273 


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1926] 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


93 


DUBOIS  FIELD,  WASHINGTON  COUNTY 
ESTABLISHED  1902 

Location.  —  About  one  mile  northwest  of  DuBois  on  the  farm  of 
Mr.  A.  A.  Hinkley.  A  part  of  the  S.  V2  of  the  S.E.  1/4  of  the  N.E.  *4 
of  Sec.  29,  Twp.  3  S.,  R.  1  W.  of  the  3d  P.  M. 

Description.  —  The  field  consists  of  4.5  acres  of  light-colored  loes- 
sial  soil  of  strong  acidity.  The  land  is  uniform  from  the  standpoint 
both  of  soil  type  and  of  topography.  Only  one  soil  type  has  been 
mapped  on  the  field,  namely,  Gray  Silt  Loam  On  Tight  Clay.  The 
field  is  plotted  in  one  series  of  two  sections,  each  containing  10  tenth- 
acre  plots.  The  west  section  is  tile-drained.  Owing,  however,  to  the 
impervious  nature  of  the  subsoil,  drainage  is  not  ideal;  in  some 
seasons  the  tiled  section  appeared  to  have  some  advantage. 

History.  —  The  DuBois  field  is  now  leased  from  Mr.  J.  M.  Hinkley. 
It  had  been  farmed  intensively  for  many  years  previous  to  1902.  In 
1901  the  field  was  in  cowpeas  but  produced  a  very  poor  crop.  For  a 
few  years  previous  to  this,  the  field  had  been  in  grass. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment.  —  This  field  was  originally  planned 
for  what  was  called  a  complete  fertility  test  on  tiled  and  untiled  land. 
The  rotation  practiced  for  the  first  eight  years  was  three  grain  crops 
followed  by  a  legume.  After  two  of  these  rotations  the  order  was 
changed  to  corn,  oats,  clover,  and  wheat  with  a  sweet  clover-alsike 
mixture  seeded  on  the  residue  plots  for  use  as  a  green  manure.  Until 
1905  nitrogen  was  applied  annually  in  approximately  650  pounds  of 
dried  blood  an  acre  on  the  residue  plots;  thereafter  crop  residues  were 
substituted.  Phosphorus  was  applied  at  the  annual  rate  of  200  pounds 
of  steamed  bone  meal  an  acre,  and  potassium  in  100  pounds  of 
potassium  sulfate.  In  1922  the  application  of  steamed  bone  meal  and 
potassium  sulfate  was  discontinued  temporarily.  At  that  time  the 
rotation  was  also  changed  to  one  of  corn  and  wheat  with  sweet  clover 
seeding  on  all  plots.  Five  tons  of  hydrated  lime  was  applied  in  1902 
and  no  further  applications  of  lime  were  made  until  1922,  when  2  tons 
of  limestone  an  acre  was  applied  on  the  limed  plots  of  the  east  section 
and  1,000  pounds  an  acre  on  the  west  section. 


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SOIL  MAP  OF  DuBois  FIELD 


94 


BULLETIN  No.  273 


[January, 


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96  BULLETIN  No.  273  [January, 

EDGEWOOD  FIELD,  EFFINGHAM  COUNTY 
ESTABLISHED  1896 — DISCONTINUED  1911 

Location. — About  one  mile  northwest  of  Edgewood  on  the  farm  of  Mr. 
Samuel  Hartley.  A  part  of  the  S.  V2  of  the  S.E.  %  of  the  S.E.  *4,  Sec.  30, 
Twp.  6  N,  R.  5  E.  of  the  3d  P.  M. 

Description. — Definite  information  is  not  available  in  connection  with  cer- 
tain details  of  this  field.  It  is  probable,  however,  that  the  field  contained  about 
16  acres  of  light-colored  upland  soil  of  strong  acidity.  The  predominating  soil 
type  was  probably  Gray  Silt  Loam  On  Tight  Clay.  The  land  was  considered  as 
being  low  and  wet.  A  portion  of  it  was  tile-drained.  One  part  of  the  field, 
known  as  the  West  field,  contained  two  series  of  7  tenth-acre  plots.  Another 
part  known  as  the  East  field  contained  one  series  of  10  tenth-acre  plots.  Another 
part  known  as  the  North  field  contained  five  series  of  10  tenth-acre  plots  each. 

History. — The  Edgewood  experiment  field  was  leased  from  Mr.  Samuel 
Bartley.  Before  it  was  used  for  experimental  purposes  it  had  been  cropped  for 
about  forty  years  with  the  crops  common  to  that  section.  There  is  little  definite 
information  in  regard  to  its  previous  history.  That  part  of  the  field  known  as 
the  West  field  was  first  laid  out  in  plots  in  1896.  The  plots  in  this  series  were 
irregular  in  size  and  without  borders.  Little  treatment  was  given  them.  The 
principal  experiments  on  them  appeared  to  be  on  the  value  of  green  manures, 
subsoiling,  and  tile  drainage.  Some  sodium  nitrate  was  used.  No  definite  rota- 
tion was  followed.  In  1902  this  land  was  replotted  into  Series  100  and  200. 
The  East  field  was  plotted  and  tile-drained  in  1902,  and  the  North  field  was  laid 
out  in  1903.  Series  500  and  600  were  replotted  over  two  older  series  that  had 
been  treated  with  bone  meal,  potash,  nitrate  of  soda,  and  lime,  alone  and  in 
various  combinations. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — On  Series  100  and  200  a  rotation  of  corn, 
oats,  and  legumes  was  practiced.  Manure  was  applied  at  the  rate  of  12  tons  an 
acre  for  corn.  The  first  application  was  not  made  until  1904.  Phosphorus  in  the 
form  of  steamed  bone  meal  was  applied  at  the  annual  rate  of  200  pounds  an 
acre,  and  potassium  in  the  form  of  potassium  sulfate  at  the  annual  rate  of  100 
pounds  an  acre.  Limestone  was  applied  in  1903  at  the  rate  of  10  tons  an  acre. 
No  further  applications  of  limestone  were  made. 

Series  300  was  planned  for  what  was  called  a  complete  fertility  test.  The 
rotation  practiced  was  corn,  oats,  and  clover.  Nitrogen  was  supplied  in  the  form 
of  dried  blood  at  the  approximate  rate  of  700  pounds  an  acre  until  1905,  when 
clover  and  crop  residues  were  substituted.  Phosphorus  and  potassium  were 
applied  as  on  Series  100  and  200.  In  1903,  10  tons  of  limestone  was  applied  to 
the  south  halves  and  5  tons  of  water-slaked  lime  to  the  north  halves.  No 
further  applications  of  lime  were  made  to  this  series. 

The  North  field  was  composed  of  the  five  series,  500,  600,  700,  800,  and  900. 
All  series  were  cropped  alike  each  year  and  grew  corn,  oats,  and  clover  in  suc- 
cessive years.  The  object  of  the  work  on  these  series  was  to  compare  results 
obtained  from  rock  phosphate  and  steamed  bone  meal  in  various  amounts  with 
and  without  limestone.  On  all  series  Plots  2,  4,  6,  and  8  received  bone  meal  at 
the  rate  of  200,  500,  1,000,  and  2,000  pounds  an  acre  respectively.  In  a  similar 
manner  Plots  3,  5,  7,  and  9  received  rock  phosphate  at  the  rate  of  1,000,  2,500, 
5,000,  and  10,000  pounds  an  acre  respectively.  No  additional  materials  were 
applied  to  Series  500  and  900.  All  plots  of  Series  600  received  air-slaked  lime  at 
the  rate  of  2,000  pounds  an  acre;  all  plots  of  Series  700  in  a  similar  manner 
received  4,000  pounds;  and  all  plots  of  Series  800  received  8,000  pounds.  All  the 
above  applications  were  made  in  1903.  No  further  applications  were  made  to 
any  of  these  plots. 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


97 


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THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


99 


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100  BULLETIN  No.  273  [January, 

ELIZABETHTOWN  FIELD,  HARDIN  COUNTY 
ESTABLISHED  1917 

Location. — About  two  miles  north  of  Elizabethtown.  The  west 
part  of  the  E.  i/2  of  the  S.E.  %,  Sec.  14,  Twp.  12  S.,  R.  8  E.  of  the 
3d  P.  M. 

Description. — The  field  consists  of  32.58  acres  of  light-colored 
loessial  upland  soils  of  strong  acidity.  Three  soil  types  have  been 
mapped  on  this  field:  (1)  Yellow  Silt  Loam;  (2)  Yellow-Gray  Silt 
Loam;  and  (3)  a  small  area  of  Stony  Loam.  The  land  is  very 
rough  and  hilly  and  is  subject  to  erosion.  No  tiling  has  been  done. 
The  field  is  divided  into  four  series  of  10  fifth-acre  plots  each,  one 
series  of  10  tenth-acre  plots,  and  three  minor  plots  known  as  A,  B,  C 
divided  into  2  tenth-acre  plots  each. 

History. — The  Elizabethtown  experiment  field  was  a  direct  gift 
by  deed  from  Mr.  R.  A.  Ledbetter  to  the  University  for  experimental 
purposes.  In  1915  the  land  occupied  by  Series  100,  200,  300,  and  400 
was  in  corn.  The  next  year  the  stalks  were  disked  down  and  clover 
seeded.  In  1917  when  the  plots  were  laid  out  there  was  a  fair  stand 
of  clover  on  this  area.  There  is  no  information  available  in  regard 
to  the  previous  history  of  the  rest  of  the  land  on  this  field.  It  is  quite 
probable  that  much  of  it  was  not  cultivated  on  account  of  the 
extremely  rough  topography. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — The  rotation  established  on  Series 
100,  200,  300,  and  400  was  corn  (rye  cover  crop) ,  soybeans,  wheat,  and 
sweet  clover.  This  rotation  was  changed  in  1923  to  corn,  wheat,  tim- 
othy-clover mixture,  and  wheat  with  sweet  clover  seeding  on  the  resi- 
due plots  in  order  to  prevent  erosion  as  much  as  possible.  The  treat- 
ments applied  to  the  various  plots  have  been  similar  to  the  somewhat 
uniform  treatments  described  in  the  introduction.  In  1923  the  appli- 
cation of  limestone  was  discontinued  until  the  need  for  it  should 
become  apparent. 

Series  500  has  received  soil  treatment  similar  to  that  received  by 
the  first  four  series.  This  series,  however,  has  been  used  for  alfalfa. 
To  date,  alfalfa  has  not  been  successful  on  this  land.  It  has  been 
reseeded  several  times  and  for  two  years  cowpeas  and  wheat  were 
substituted. 

Plots  A,  B,  and  C  have  been  cropped  chiefly  with  a  rotation  of 
corn,  cowpeas,  and  wheat,  in  which  rye  has  been  seeded  in  the  corn  as 
a  cover  crop  and  sweet  clover  in  the  wheat  for  use  as  a  green  manure. 
The  rye  cover  crop  was  discontinued  in  1923.  One  application  of  lime- 
stone at  the  rate  of  4  tons  an  acre  has  been  applied  to  these  plots.  In 
the  fall  of  1918  rock  phosphate  was  applied  to  both  halves  of  Plot  B  at 
the  rate  of  2,000  pounds  an  acre.  The  north  half  of  Plots  A  and  B  and 


1926} 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


101 


the  west  half  of  Plot  C  have  received  200  pounds  an  acre  of  acid  phos- 
phate applied  ahead  of  each  crop,  the  south  half  of  Plots  A  and  B  and 
the  east  half  of  Plot  C  have  received  rock  phosphate  at  the  rate  of  400 
pounds  an  acre  annually,  applied  once  in  the  rotation,  ahead  of  the 
3orn  crop. 


[..I   V<llo.-&-»y  Sih  Lo«m      [ |   Yell«w  S.K  Loom      L$:l  Stony  Lo»m  Co. 

SOIL  MAP  or  ELIZABETHTOWN  FIELD 


102 


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1926]  THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS  105 

ENFIELD  FIELD,  WHITE  COUNTY 
ESTABLISHED  1912 

Location. — About  one  mile  east  of  Enfield.  A  part  of  the  E.  %  of 
the  S.E.  %,  Sec.  9,  Twp.  5  S.,  R.  8  E.  of  the  3d  P.  M. 

Description. — The  field  consists  of  20  acres  of  light-colored,  loes- 
sial  upland  soil  of  strong  acidity.  Four  soil  types  have  been  mapped 
on  the  field:  (1)  Yellow-Gray  Silt  Loam  On  Medium  Plastic  Clay; 
(2)  Gray  Silt  Loam  On  Orange  Mottled  Plastic  Clay;  (3)  Light 
Gray  Silt  Loam  On  Tight  Clay;  and  (4)  Deep  Gray  Silt  Loam.  The 
field  is  somewhat  rolling.  Surface  drainage  is  assisted  by  catch  basins 
and  tile  to  carry  away  the  runoff.  Some  parts  of  the  field  are  still  in 
need  of  better  drainage.  The  field  is  divided  into  four  major  series  of 
10  fifth-acre  plots  each,  and  two  minor  series  divided  into  twentieth- 
acre  half  plots.  In  addition  there  are  2  four-fifth  acre  plots. 

History. — The  Enfield  field  was  purchased  by  about  six  hundred 
citizens  of  White  county  and  donated  to  the  University  for  experi- 
mental purposes.  In  1912  wheat  was  grown  on  approximately  the 
north  two-thirds  of  the  field,  while  the  remainder  of  the  field  was  in 
redtop  meadow.  No  further  information  in  regard  to  the  previous 
treatment  of  this  field  is  available. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — The  somewhat  standard  rotation 
and  soil  treatment  methods  described  in  the  introduction  were  estab- 
lished on  Series  100,  200,  300,  and  400.  In  addition  cowpeas  or  soy- 
beans were  seeded  in  the  corn  at  the  last  cultivation  for  use  as  residues 
on  the  residue  plots.  These  methods  were  followed  until  1920,  when 
the  use  of  the  peas  and  beans  was  discontinued.  In  1922  the  use  of 
limestone  was  discontinued  until  the  need  for  it  becomes  apparent. 
The  return  of  wheat  straw  was  also  discontinued  at  that  time.  In 
1923  the  phosphate  applications  were  evened  up  to  4  tons  an  acre,  and 
no  more  will  be  applied  for  an  indefinite  period. 

Plots  A  and  B  have  been  used  for  a  wheat,  legume,  alfalfa  rota- 
tion. On  one  of  them  wheat  and  clover  or  soybeans  are  grown  in  rota- 
tion, while  alfalfa  is  grown  on  the  other  for  a  period  of  six  years,  when 
the  cropping  is  changed.  Manure  was  applied  to  the  whole  plot  at  the 
rate  of  5  tons  an  acre  before  the  alfalfa  was  seeded.  Rock  phosphate 
at  the  annual  rate  of  500  pounds  an  acre  was  applied  in  the  fall  of 
1912  and  again  in  the  fall  of  1918.  Kainit  at  the  annual  rate  of  200 
pounds  an  acre  was  applied  with  the  phosphate.  One  application  of 
limestone  at  the  rate  of  10  tons  an  acre  was  applied  to  the  east  three- 
quarters  of  these  plots  in  1913.  No  more  will  be  applied  until  there 
appears  to  be  need  for  it. 

Series  700  and  800  were  at  first  unplotted.  Until  1922  these  two 
series  were  cropped  like  Plots  A  and  B  except  that  timothy  was  used 
in  place  of  alfalfa.  No  fertilizers  were  applied  to  this  land  previous  to 


106 


BULLETIN  No.  273 


[January, 


that  time.  In  1922  this  land  was  plotted  and  a  rotation  of  corn  and 
wheat  established.  Since  that  time  sweet  clover  has  been  seeded  in  the 
wheat  on  the  west  halves  of  Plots  2,  3,  4,  5,  and  6,  and  red  clover  on 
the  east  halves  of  these  plots.  The  clovers  have  been  plowed  down  as 
a  green  manure  for  the  corn.  With  this  change  in  cropping  a  single  ap- 
plication of  the  following  materials  was  made:  limestone  at  the  rate 
of  2  tons  an  acre  to  all  plots,  rock  phosphate  at  the  rate  of  2,000 
pounds  to  Plots  2  and  3,  and  at  the  rate  of  1,000  pounds  to  Plots 
4  and  5;  acid  phosphate  at  the  rate  of  100  pounds  an  acre  to  Plot  2  and 
at  the  rate  of  200  pounds  an  acre  to  Plot  4.  It  is  planned  to  repeat 
the  phosphate  applications  on  Plots  2  and  3  every  ten  years,  and  on 
Plots  4  and  5  every  five  years.  Limestone  will  be  applied  when  it 
appears  to  be  needed. 


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BULLETIN  No.  273 


[January, 


TABLE  33.—  ENFIELD  FIELD:     SERIES  700,  800 

(Plots  C  and  D,  Table  32,  were  subdivided  in  1922  and  continued 
as  Series  700  and  800) 

Bushels  or  (tons)  per  acre 

Plot 
No. 

Soil  treatment  applied 

1922              1923 
Cowpeas1         Corn1 

1924 
Wheat1 

701W 
701E 

702W 
702E 

703W 
703E 

704W 
704E 

705W 
705E 

706W 
706E 

L... 

(   .50) 

39.6 
44.0 

47.6 
40.0 

44.4 

42.8 

43.2 
42.0 

44.0 
43.6 

26.4 
28.4 

|       2.7 

}       7'5 
}       6.3 

\      6.5 

}       4'8 
}       l'7 

L  

(   .33) 

LrP  (2000)  aP(  100)  Sweet  clover        

(   .  40) 

LrP  (2000)  aP(  100)  Red  clover  

(   .38) 

LrP  (2000)  Sweet  clover  

(     38) 

LrP(2000)Red  clover  

(   .42) 

LrP  (1  000)  aP  (200;  Sweet  clover  

(   .501 

LrP  (  1000)  aP  (200)  Red  clover  

(  .  57) 

LrP  (1000)  Sweet  clover  

(   .45) 

LrP(1000)Red  clover  

(   .  52) 

L  Sweet  clover  

(   .40) 

(     61) 

Cowpeas1 

Wheat 

Corn 

80  1W 
801E 

802W 
802E 

803W 
803E 

804W 
804E 

805W 
805E 

806W 
806E 

L 

(     3D 

}       3.3 
}       3.2 
|       3.2 
}       3.2 
|       3.2 

/     12.4 
\     14.4 

/     22.4 
\     17.6 

/     16.0 
\     10.4 

/     16.0 
\     12.8 

/     10.0 
\     16.4 

/     12.4 
\     15.2 

L  

(   .43) 

LrP  (2000;  aP(  100)  Sweet  clover  

(  .31) 

LrP  (2000)  aP(  100)  Red  clover  

(   .  29) 

LrP  (2000)  Sweet  clover  

(  .31) 

LrP(2000)Red  clover  

(   .  29) 

LrP  (  1000)  aP  (200)  Sweet  clover.  .  . 

(   .27) 

LrP  (  1000)  aP  (200)  Red  clover  

(     29) 

LrP(1000)Sweet  clover  

(   .21) 

LrP(1000)Red  clover  

(   .21) 

L  Sweet  clover  

(   .23) 

L  Red  clover  

(   .23) 

>No  soil  treatment.     JNo  legume  catch  crop. 


1926}  THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS  111 

EWING  FIELD,  FRANKLIN  COUNTY 

ESTABLISHED  1910 

Location. — About  one  mile  northeast  of  Ewing.  A  part  of  the  E.  %  of  the 
S.E.  %  of  the  S.W.  %,  Sec.  11,  Twp.  5  S.,  R.  3  E.  of  the  3d  P.  M. 

Description. — This  field  consists  of  20  acres  of  light-colored,  loessial  upland 
soil  of  strong  acidity.  Four  soil  types  have  been  mapped  on  this  field:  (1) 
Gray  Silt  Loam  On  Tight  Clay;  (2)  Gray  Silt  Loam  On  Orange  Mottled  Tight 
Clay;  (3)  Deep  Gray  Silt  Loam;  (4)  Yellow-Gray  Silt  Loam.  The  field  is  quite 
level  except  in  the  southeast  corner,  where  it  is  somewhat  rolling.  The  drainage 
is  naturally  poor.  Only  small  surface  ditches  have  been  used  in  leading  the 
surface  water  from  the  plots.  The  field  is  divided  into  four  major  series  of  10 
fifth-acre  plots  each,  2  unplotted  acre  areas,  one  series  of  7  tenth-acre  plots  and 
two  series  of  7  twentieth-acre  plots  each. 

History. — The  Ewing  experiment  field  was  purchased  by  Ewing  College 
with  the  assistance  of  friends  and  donated  to  the  University  for  experimental 
purposes.  In  1908  corn  was  grown  on  this  field,  but  in  1909  no  crops  were 
grown.  No  other  information  is  available  in  regard  to  the  previous  history  of 
the  field. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — The  somewhat  standard  cropping  and  soil 
treatment  methods  described  in  the  introduction  were  established  on  Series  100, 
200,  300,  and  400,  with  the  exception  that  cowpeas  were  seeded  in  the  corn  at 
the  last  cultivation  for  use  as  residues  on  the  residue  plots.  These  methods  were 
followed  without  change  until  1920,  when  the  seeding  of  cowpeas  in  the  corn  was 
discontinued.  In  1921  sweet  clover  was  substituted  as  the  regular  legume  in  the 
rotation  in  addition  to  its  seeding  in  the  wheat  for  use  as  a  green  manure  crop. 
Seed  was  harvested  from  all  the  regular  sweet  clover  plots  and  the  straw  returned 
to  the  residue  plots  only.  In  1922  the  application  of  limestone  was  discontinued. 
No  more  will  be  applied  until  there  appears  to  be  a  need  for  it.  The  same  year 
the  return  of  the  wheat  straw  as  a  residue  was  also  discontinued.  In  1923  the 
phosphate  was  evened  up  to  8,500  pounds  an  acre  and  no  more  will  be  applied 
for  an  indefinite  time. 

Series  500  and  600  have  been  used  for  a  wheat,  legume,  alfalfa  rotation.  On 
one  of  them  the  two-year  rotation  was  practiced,  while  alfalfa  was  grown  on  the 
other  for  six  years,  after  which  the  cropping  was  changed.  Eight  tons  of  manure 
an  acre  was  applied  to  Series  500  in  1910  and  to  Series  600  in  1916.  In  1910 
limestone  at  the  rate  of  5  tons  an  acre,  rock  phosphate  at  the  rate  of  3,000  pounds 
an  acre,  and  kainit  at  the  rate  of  1,200  pounds  an  acre  were  applied  to  both 
series ;  this  application  of  minerals  was  repeated  in  1916. 

Series  700,  800,  and  900  were  at  first  unplotted.  Until  1921  this  land,  as  two 
large  plots,  grew  crops  in  rotation  similar  to  those  on  Series  500  and  600  except 
that  timothy  was  substituted  for  alfalfa.  No  fertilizers,  however,  were  applied  to 
these  plots.  In  1921  this  land  was  plotted  into  the  three  series  and  a  rotation  of 
corn,  oats  (hubam  clover),  and  wheat,  with  a  seeding  of  sweet  clover  for  use  as 
green  manure,  was  established  upon  it.  Limestone  was  applied  to  all  plots  except 
Plot  1  at  the  rate  of  2  tons  an  acre  at  this  time,  and  no  more  will  be  applied  until 
it  appears  to  be  needed.  Acid  phosphate  has  been  applied  to  Plots  3  and  6  at  the 
annual  rate  of  100  and  200  pounds  an  acre  respectively,  and  rock  phosphate  has 
been  applied  to  Plots  4  and  7  at  the  annual  rate  of  200  and  400  pounds  respec- 
tively. The  phosphate  applications  are  split,  one  half  being  applied  for  each  crop 
of  corn  and  wheat. 


112 


BULLETIN  No.  273 


^   Gray  S.It   Loom  On  Tight  Clay        ['•/.'•]  Deep  Gray  S.It  Loam 


Contour  ir.ter.jl  -If,.: 


SOIL  MAP  OF  EWING  FIELD 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


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BULLETIN  No.  273 


[January 


TABLE  37— EWING  FIELD:    SERIES  700,  800,  900 

(Plots  C  and  D,  Table  36,  were  subdivided  in  1922  and  continued 
as  Series  700,  800,  900) 

Bushels  or  (tons)  per  acre 


Plot 
No. 

Soil  treatment  applied 

1922 
Wheat» 

1923 
Corn 

1924 
Oats 

701 

Le 

8 

28  4 

10  0 

702 

LeL  

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32.4 

29.7 

703 

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8 

32  8 

31.9 

704 

LeLrP(200)  

1.2 

31.0 

37.6 

705 

LeL... 

1  5 

28.0 

28.4 

706 

LeLaP(200)  

1.0 

34.6 

39.1 

707 

LeLrP(400)  

.5 

38.4 

40.0 

Corn1 

Oats' 

Wheat 

801 

Le... 

6  4 

10.0 

0.0 

802 

LeL  

9.2 

16.3 

2.7 

803 

LeLaP(lOO)  

6.0 

25.6 

6.3 

804 

LeLrP(200)  

96 

19.4 

3.3 

805 

LeL... 

12  0 

12.5 

0.0 

806 

LeLaP(200)  

12.8 

23.1 

3.7 

807 

LeLrP(400)  

11.2 

18.8 

3.0 

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Wheat 

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901 

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2  5 

0.0 

2.8 

902 

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3.8 

1.0 

11.6 

903 

LeLaP(lOO)  

3.1 

1.6 

14.0 

904 

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3.8 

3.0 

16.4 

905 

LeL... 

1.3 

1.6 

10.0 

906 

LeLaP(200)  

1.9 

4.0 

15.6 

907 

LeLrP(400)  .  .  . 

1.9 

4.7 

13.2 

Phosphorus  only.     *No  legume  catch  crop. 


1926]  THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS  117 

FAIRFIELD  FIELD,  WAYNE  COUNTY 
ESTABLISHED  1905 — DISCONTINUED  1923 

Location. — About  one  mile  northwest  of  Fairfield  on  the  Rinard 
and  Porter  farms.  The  E.  */2  of  the  W.  V2  of  the  N.W.  ^  and  the  W. 
1/2  of  the  W.  V2  of  the  N.E.  14,  all  in  Sec.  36,  Twp.  1  S.,  R.  7  E.  of  the 
3d  P.  M. 

Description. — The  field  consisted  of  40  acres  of  light-colored 
upland  soil  of  strong  acidity.  The  soil  was  described  as  the  typical 
prairie  soil  of  southern  Illinois  and  probably  consisted  chiefly  of  Gray 
Silt  Loam  On  Tight  Clay.  The  land  was  practically  level.  Half  of  it 
was  tile-drained,  but  due  to  the  impervious  nature  of  the  subsoil, 
drainage  over  all  the  field  was  rather  poor.  The  field  was  divided 
into  four  series  of  36  fifth-acre  plots  each.  Each  series  was  further 
divided  into  two  parts;  one  containing  the  plots  numbered  from  1  to 
18  and  the  other  from  21  to  38. 

History. — The  Fairfield  field  was  leased  from  Mr.  John  Rinard 
and  Mr.  G.  Porter.  During  the  later  years  the  Porter  land  was  leased 
from  Mr.  H.  J.  Smedley.  As  far  as  is  known  the  land  had  not  previ- 
ously received  fertilizer  treatment  of  any  kind. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — The  Fairfield  field  was  used  pri- 
marily for  the  investigation  of  crop  problems.  A  uniform  rotation, 
however,  was  practiced  on  the  field,  and  certain  plots  were  maintained 
with  various  soil  treatments.  The  rotation  originally  practiced  was 
corn,  cowpeas,  wheat,  and  clover  on  both  tiled  and  untiled  land. 
During  the  later  years  it  was  changed  to  corn,  soybeans,  wheat,  and 
sweet  clover.  All  plots  ending  in  the  numbers  3,  6,  and  9,  were  handled 
as  grain  system  plots  and  received  crop  residues.  All  plots  ending  in 
the  numbers  10,  13,  and  16,  or  30,  33,  and  36,  were  handled  as  livestock 
plots  and  received  farm  manure.  All  plots  except  those  ending  in  the 
numbers  9  and  0  received  applications  of  limestone  and  rock  phosphate. 
These  soil  treatments  were  applied  in  accordance  with  the  methods 
described  in  the  introduction. 

In  addition  to  the  above  described  soil  treatments,  potassium 
compounds  were  applied  in  two  forms;  namely,  kainit  and  sulfate. 
These  materials  were  applied  lengthwise  of  all  series  in  such  manner 
that  a  4-rod  strip  in  the  middle  received  kainit  at  the  annual  acre 
rate  of  150  pounds,  and  a  2-rod  strip  on  either  side  of  the  kainit 
received  potassium  sulfate  at  the  annual  acre  rate  of  50  pounds.  These 
treatments  continued  from  1907  to  1915.  The  effect  of  the  potassium 
treatments  on  the  crop  yields  was  measured  only  in  the  corn  for  the 
years  1907  to  1915  and  in  the  clover  for  the  years  1910,  1911,  and  1912. 


118 


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THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


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126 


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\January, 


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1926}  THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS  127 

GALESBURG  FIELD,  KNOX  COUNTY 
ESTABLISHED  1904 — DISCONTINUED  1918 

Location. — About  six  miles  southwest  of  Galesburg  on  the  farm 
of  Mr.  George  W.  Gale.  A  part  of  the  N.W.  corner  of  the  N.W.  *4  of 
the  S.W.  1/4,  Sec.  31,  Twp.  11  N.,  R.  1  E.  of  the  4th  P.  M. 

Description. — The  field  consisted  of  18.7  acres  of  dark-colored 
upland  soil  which  was  probably  moderately  acid.  At  the  time  the  field 
was  established  the  soil  was  described  as  Brown  Silt  Loam.  A  survey 
of  the  soil  a  few  years  later  indicated  that  this  Brown  Silt  Loam 
occurred  in  three  phases,  namely,  (1)  the  heavy  phase,  (2)  the  inter- 
mediate phase,  and  (3)  the  ordinary,  slightly  rolling  phase.  The  field 
was  not  tile-drained.  It  was  divided  into  three  series  of  20  fifth-acre 
plots  each. 

History. — The  Galesburg  field  was  leased  from  Mr.  George  W. 
Gale.  Previous  to  1904,  the  field  was  cropped  as  follows:  1887,  wheat 
seeded  to  timothy;  1889-1894,  meadow;  1894-1899,  corn;  1899,  oats 
seeded  to  timothy  and  clover;  1900-1903,  meadow.  Small  amounts  of 
manure  had  been  applied  to  the  field  from  time  to  time. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — The  original  rotation  was  corn, 
corn,  oats,  wheat,  clover,  and  timothy.  In  1909  this  was  changed  to 
corn,  corn,  oats,  clover,  wheat,  and  clover.  The  phosphorus  was 
applied  in  rock  phosphate  at  the  annual  acre  rate  of  500  pounds.  In 
the  beginning  1,300  pounds  of  limestone  an  acre  was  applied;  no 
more  was  added  until  1913,  when  an  application  of  4  tons  an  acre  was 
made.  No  further  applications  of  limestone  were  made  on  this  field. 
The  potassium  was  supplied  in  potassium  sulfate  at  the  annual  rate  of 
100  pounds  an  acre.  On  Plot  19  nitrogen  was  applied  in  dried  blood  at 
the  annual  rate  of  200  pounds  an  acre.  The  manure  and  residues  were 
supplied  as  described  in  the  introduction.  Cover  crops  for  use  as  resi- 
dues were  grown  in  the  corn  on  Plots  4,  9,  and  14,  as  well  as  on  the 
regular  residue  plots  as  follows:  cowpeas  on  Series  100,  soybeans  and 
sweet  clover  on  Series  200,  and  vetch  on  Series  300. 


128 


BULLETIN  No.  273 


co  a 
26 

2^1 

2«2.2 


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THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


129 


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130 


BULLETIN  No.  273 


[January, 


26 


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1926}  THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS  131 

GREEN  VALLEY  FIELD,  TAZEWELL  COUNTY 
ESTABLISHED  1902 — DISCONTINUED  1907 

Location. — About  two  miles  southwest  of  Green  Valley  on  the 
farm  of  Mr.  J.  C.  Drake.  A  part  of  the  S.W.  %  of  the  N.W.  1/4  of  the 
N.W.  %,  Sec.  3,  Twp.  22  N.,  R.  5  W.  of  the  3d  P.  M. 

Description. — The  field  consisted  of  8.7  acres  of  terrace  soils, 
probably  more  or  less  acid.  At  the  time  the  field  was  established  the 
soil  was  described  as  sand  ridge  with  no  clay  subsoil  to  a  depth  of  four 
feet.  Several  soil  types  were  present  on  the  field,  ranging  from  Dune 
Sand  to  Black  Sandy  Loam.  The  south  acre,  according  to  the  records, 
was  a  fairly  good,  uniform  soil,  being  described  as  a  mixture  of  sand 
and  black  loam.  The  north  acre  was  described  as  very  sandy  with  a 
few  fertile  spots  in  it.  The  middle  portions  of  this  field  were  more 
spotted.  The  field  was  divided  into  four  series  of  10  tenth-acre 
plots  each. 

History. — The  Green  Valley  field  was  leased  from  Mr.  J.  C. 
Drake.  Previous  to  1902  the  land  had  been  cultivated  for  about  fifty 
years  and  had  had  but  little  manure  applied  to  it.  The  land  had  been 
used  for  pasture  and  for  corn.  In  1901  oats  were  grown. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment  Practices. — Series  100,  200,  and  300 
were  cropped  with  a  rotation  of  corn,  oats,  and  legumes,  with  cowpeas 
seeded  in  the  corn  on  the  residue  plots.  Phosphorus  was  supplied  in 
steamed  bone  meal  at  the  annual  rate  of  200  pounds,  and  potassium  in 
potassium  sulfate  at  the  rate  of  100  pounds  an  acre.  Manure  was 
applied  once  during  the  rotation  at  the  rate  of  6  tons  an  acre.  One 
application  of  slaked  lime  at  the  rate  of  311  pounds  an  acre  was  made 
in  1902. 

Series  400  was  used  for  what  was  called  a  complete  fertility  test. 
The  rotation  on  this  series  was  corn,  corn,  oats,  wheat.  It  was  located 
on  the  south  side  of  the  field.  Nitrogen  was  supplied  in  dried  blood 
applied  at  the  approximate  annual  rate  of  725  pounds,  potassium  in 
100  pounds  of  potassium  sulfate,  and  phosphorus  in  200  pounds  of 
steamed  bone  meal  an  acre.  One  application  of  slaked  lime  at  the  rate 
of  311  pounds  an  acre  was  made  in  1902. 


132 


BULLETIN  No.  273 


[January, 


TABLE  41.— GREEN  VALLEY  FIELD:  SERIES  100,  200,  300 

Bushels  or  (tons)  per  acre 


Plot 
No. 

Soil  treatment  applied 

1902 
Corn* 

1903 
Oats' 

1904 
Cow- 
peas* 

1905 
Corn 

1906 
Oats 

1907 
Cow- 
peas 

101 

0   .  .                          

.     38.3 

21.0 

(1.33) 

30.9 

11.3 

(1.55) 

102 

Le                       

33.1 

26.9 

..(») 

35.0 

17.5 

(2  23) 

103 

M         

33.1 

22.5 

(1.70) 

35.9 

8.1 

(2.21) 

104 

LeL  

27.2 

32.2 

•  •(*) 

32.9 

17.8 

(2.46) 

105 

ML        

36.0 

24.4 

(1  .  66) 

41.4 

13.4 

(2.06) 

106 

LeLbP  

40.3 

36.2 

•  •(') 

43.1 

23.1 

(2.34) 

107 

MLbP              

29  5 

26  9 

(1  .  82) 

28.7 

10.9 

(2.50) 

108 

LeLbPK  

12.7 

25.0 

..(») 

14.1 

25.3 

(2.84) 

109 

MLbPK  

22.4 

21.0 

(1.50) 

13.3 

13.4 

(3.02) 

110 

LbPK              

25  6 

22.5 

(1.61) 

16.9 

10.0 

(2.30) 

Oats1 

Cow- 
peas3 

Corn 

Oats 

Cow- 
peas 

Corn 

201 

0   .  .                        

.     41.6 

(1.00) 

52.2 

24.1 

(1.50) 

48.8 

202 

Le                     

39.4 

•  •  (*) 

59.0 

36.9 

(1.60) 

52.3 

203 

M       

30.9 

(1  .  05) 

55.7 

23.1 

(1.50) 

46.0 

204 

LeL  

25.6 

•  •(') 

45.3 

26.3 

(1  .  55) 

34.1 

205 

ML          

41.3 

(1.30) 

71.2 

35.3 

(2.02) 

63.5 

206 

LeLbP  

51.6 

..(*) 

73.5 

35.9 

(2.35) 

67.9 

207 

MLbP  

53.4 

(1  .  45) 

79.2 

35.3 

(2.58) 

71.9 

208 

LeLbPK          

35.9 

.  .(J) 

69.7 

48.1 

(2.37) 

51.5 

209 

MLbPK  

32.8 

(1.35t 

64.5 

33.4 

(2.02) 

59.3 

210 

LbPK                

47  2 

(1  .  40) 

54.0 

29.1 

(1.81) 

43  3 

Cow- 
peas1-  * 

Corn 

Oats 

Cow- 
peas 

Corn 

Oats 

301 

0   .  . 

57.4 

38.4 

(2.17) 

58.8 

15.6 

302 

Le  

61.4 

37.5 

(1  .  86) 

58.0 

25.3 

303 

M       

71.9 

41.2 

(1.87) 

50.3 

16.3 

304 

LeL  

48.0 

32.5 

(1.50) 

43.4 

17.5 

305 

ML  

59.9 

36.9 

(1  •  79) 

46.3 

12.5 

306 

LeLbP  

55.0 

40.6 

(1.69) 

45.6 

28.4 

307 

MLbP  

76.3 

42.8 

(2.17) 

58.0 

15.0 

308 

LeLbPK       

57.1 

46.6 

(2.50) 

54.1 

33.1 

309 

MLbPK  

81.0 

51.6 

(2.95) 

62.8 

21.6 

310 

LbPK... 

53.6 

35.6 

(2.18) 

44.1 

13.8 

'Minerals  only.     'No  yields  taken;  growth  plowed  down  on  the  legume  plots.     'No  manure. 


TABLE  42.— GREEN  VALLEY  FIELD:  SPECIAL  FERTILITY  TEST,  SERIES  400 

Bushels  or  (tons)  per  acre 


Plot 
No. 

Soil  treatment  applied 

1902 
Corn 

1903 
Corn 

1904 
Oats 

1905 
Wheat 

1906 
Corn 

1907 
Corn 

401 

0.  .. 

68.7 

56.3 

49.7 

18.3 

32.9 

35.3 

402 

L  

68.2 

42.0 

35.9 

19.0 

17.8 

29.5 

403 

LN... 

68.6 

65.4 

44.4 

23.5 

62.9 

58.9 

404 

LbP... 

30.3 

24.9 

20.3 

16.7 

10.4 

13.1 

405 

LK...'.  

23.1 

20.1 

16.9 

16.5 

8.4 

12.8 

406 

LNbP... 

57.4 

69.8 

51.9 

26.8 

70.8 

64.7 

407 

LNK... 

70.0 

72.9 

54.7 

36.5 

74.8 

73.6 

408 

LbPK  

49  8 

39  6 

36.9 

13.7 

18.3 

27.7 

409 

LNbPK.., 

69.5 

69.8 

47.8 

36.2 

66.4 

73.6 

410 

LbPK... 

57.2 

66.1 

50.0 

26.5 

66.0 

71.9 

1926]  THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS  133 

HARTSBURG  FIELD,  LOGAN  COUNTY 
ESTABLISHED  1911 

Location. — About  one-half  mile  east  of  Hartsburg.  A  part  of  the 
S.  1/2  of  the  S.W.  1/4  of  the  S.W.  1/4,  Sec.  22,  Twp.  21  N.,  R.  3  W.  of 
the  3d  P.  M. 

Description. — The  field  consists  of  20  acres  of  dark-colored  loes- 
sial  upland  soil  which  is  neutral  to  slightly  acid  in  reaction.  The  land 
is  quite  uniform  from  the  standpoint  both  of  soil  and  topography. 
With  the  exception  of  a  small  area  in  the  northwest  part  of  the  field 
consisting  of  Brown  Silt  Loam  On  Clay  (Grundy  silt  loam) ,  the  field 
consists  entirely  of  Black  Clay  Loam  (Grundy  clay  loam) .  The  field 
is  thoroly  tile-drained  and  drains  very  well.  It  is  divided  into  five 
series,  four  of  which  contain  10  fifth-acre  plots  and  one  which  con- 
tains 15  fifth-acre  plots. 

History. — The  Hartsburg  field  was  donated  to  the  University  by 
the  Scully  estate  for  experimental  purposes.  Previous  to  that  time  it 
had  been  farmed  under  a  tenant  system.  Oats  were  grown  on  this  land 
in  1910. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — The  somewhat  standard  rotation, 
including  alfalfa  and  the  soil  treatment  methods  described  in  the  intro- 
duction, were  established  on  the  five  series.  Some  modifications  were 
made  in  the  order  of  treatment  given  the  extra  five  plots  on  Series  500. 
These  methods  were  followed  without  change  until  1918,  when  it  was 
planned  to  remove  one  hay  crop  and  a  seed  crop  of  clover  from  the 
residue  plots.  In  1921  it  was  decided  to  harvest  all  the  clover  as  hay. 
At  that  time  the  return  of  the  oats  straw  was  discontinued.  In  1922 
the  return  of  the  wheat  straw  was  discontinued.  The  only  residues 
plowed  under  since  that  time  have  been  the  cornstalks  and  the  green 
sweet  clover  before  the  corn.  On  this  field  the  sweet  clover  has  grown 
satisfactorily  on  the  unlimed  plots.  The  application  of  limestone  was 
also  discontinued  in  1922  until  further  need  for  it  becomes  apparent. 
In  1923  the  phosphate  applications  were  evened  up  to  4  tons  an  acre  on 
all  plots,  and  no  more  will  be  applied  for  an  indefinite  period.  At  that 
time  the  rotation  on  Series  100,  200,  300,  and  400  was  changed  to 
corn,  corn,  oats,  and  wheat,  with  a  seeding  of  hubam  clover  in  the  oats 
on  all  plots,  and  a  seeding  of  biennial  sweet  clover  in  the  wheat  on  the 
residue  plots.  On  Series  500,  the  rotation  was  changed  to  corn,  oats, 
wheat,  and  alfalfa-red  clover  mixture  for  one  year. 


134 


BULLETIN  No.  273 


[January, 


I1 


§1 


1926} 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


135 


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1926}  THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS  137 

[  JOLIET  FIELD,  WILL  COUNTY 

ESTABLISHED  1914 

Location. — About  three  miles  northwest  of  Joliet  on  the  Lincoln 
highway.  A  part  of  the  S.  V2  of  the  N.W.  *4  and  the  S.W.  ^4  of  the 
N.E.  *4,  Sec.  31,  Twp.  36  N.,  R.  10  E.  of  the  3d  P.  M. 

Description. — The  field  consists  of  31  acres  of  dark-colored  loes- 
sial  and  drift  upland  soil  of  medium  acidity.  Three  soil  types  have 
been  mapped  on  the  field:  (1)  Brown  Silt  Loam  On  Calcareous  Drift, 
(Clarion  silt  loam) ;  (2)  Black  Clay  Loam,  poorly  drained  phase 
(Loessial  Clyde  clay  loam) ;  (3)  Brown  Silt  Loam  On  Plastic  Calcar- 
eous Drift  (Webster  silt  loam) .  The  land  is  gently  rolling.  It  is  tile- 
drained  and  drains  well.  The  field  is  divided  into  ten  series,  six  of 
which  contain  10  fifth-acre  plots,  two  of  which  contain  10  tenth-acre 
plots,  and  two  of  which  contain  13  tenth-acre  plots. 

History. — The  Joliet  field  was  purchased  by  Will  county  and 
donated  to  the  University  for  experimental  purposes.  Series  100,  200, 
and  300  were  seeded  to  oats  and  clover  in  1913.  Series  400,  500,  and 
600  had  been  in  pasture  several  years  preceding  the  laying  out  of  the 
experiment  field. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — The  original  rotation  on  Series 
100,  200,  300,  400,  500,  and  600  was  corn,  oats,  clover,  wheat,  and  soy- 
beans, with  alfalfa  on  the  sixth  series  for  six  years.  In  1921  this  rota- 
tion was  changed  to  corn,  corn,  oats,  clover,  and  wheat,  with  a  seeding 
of  sweet  clover  on  the  residue  plots,  and  alfalfa  on  the  sixth  series  for 
six  years.  The  soil  treatments  planned  for  this  field  were  similar  to 
those  described  in  the  introduction.  Since  1921  all  clover  has  been  re- 
moved as  hay.  In  1921  the  return  of  the  oats  straw  was  discontinued 
and  in  1922  the  return  of  the  wheat  straw  was  discontinued.  At  that 
time  the  limestone  applications  were  also  discontinued  until  the  need 
for  more  becomes  apparent. 

Series  700,  800,  900,  and  1,000  were  known  as  Plots  A,  B,  C,  and 
D  until  1921,  at  which  time  they  were  subdivided.  Plots  A  and  B  were 
used  for  a  wheat-legume-alfalfa  combination,  while  Plots  C  and  D 
were  used  for  a  wheat-legume-timothy  combination.  All  these  plots 
received  2l/2  tons  of  limestone  an  acre;  no  other  treatment  was  given 
the  land.  In  1921  they  were  plotted  and  a  rotation  of  corn,  barley, 
soybeans,  and  wheat  was  established  on  them.  Hubam  clover  has  been 
seeded  on  Plots  5,  6,  7,  8,  and  9  in  the  barley,  and  biennial  sweet  clover 
on  the  same  plots  in  wheat;  no  other  treatment  has  been  given  the  land. 


138 


BULLETIN  No.  273 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  .EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


139 


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THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


141 


Plot 

No. 


TABLE  45.— JOLIET  FIELD:  SERIES  700,  800,  900,  1000 

Bushels  or  (tons)  per  acre 


Soil  treatment  applied 


1921 
Corn1 


1922 
Barley 


1923 
Soybeans 


1924 

Wheat 


L 48.6  23.8  15.2  29.5 

L 55.0  32.1  18.8  28.3 

L...  52.4  26.7  15.0  28.7 

L 45.6  26.7  16.2  27.0 

LeL...  41.0  24.6  14.7  26.7 

L. 48.4  29.8  18.7  29.0 

LeL 45.2  28.3  16.2  27.5 

LeL...  42.0  23.5  14.7  22.7 

LeL 52.0  25.2  17.2  19.5 

L...  51.6  27.7  18.0  19.5 

L 56.8  29.0  19.8  17.5 

L...  53.0  24.4  21.2  19.7 

L 49.2  24.4  18.5  26.2 

L :.       47.8  26.0  13.3  25.2 

Wheat1- 2  Corn  Barley  Barley 

33.0  31.5  17.9 

39.8  37.7  16.3 

47.6  42.3  18.8 

34.0  35.6  14.8 

LeL...  37.0  35.8  16.0 

L 35.8  34.8  17.3 

LeL 42.2  38.8  17.1 

LeL 43.8  40.4  18.1 

LeL...  43.8  42.3  17.9 

L 39.2  42.7  21.7 

Corn1  Wheat'  Corn  Corn 

48.8  40.6  31.8 

49.6  55.4  46.8 

53.4  58.2  49.0 

47.6  49.0  48.4 

49.0  52.0  48.0 

53.8  54.4  42.2 

50.8  53.4  49.6 

50.2  46.4  46.4 

45.4  45.4  41.0 

54.0  53.6  38.4 

62.2  58.8  48.6 

52.4  51.8  46.0 

54.8  52.8  46.0 

Soy-  Soy- 
Wheat1  beans1  Wheat3  beans 

27.7  13.5  15.0 

28.2  13.8  15.7 

31.3  15.7  18.2 

32.0  15.3  17.3 

5     LeL...  30.2  14.5  18.2 

5      L 32.2  15.7  IS. 2 

T     LeL 29.5  15.7  17.2 

*      LeL 29.0  14.8  14.5 

3      LeL 31.2  17.0  15.5 

)      L 29.3  11.8  15.3 

'No  legume  treatment.     'All  plots  harvested  together.     'Crop  failure. 


FOB  PLOT  0  w  KICK  SKHIKS 
ABOVE,   RXAU  LeL. 


142  BULLETIN  No.  273  [January, 

KEWANEE  FIELD,  HENRY  COUNTY 
ESTABLISHED  1915 

Location. — About  midway  between  Kewanee  and  Galva.  The  N. 
20  acres  of  the  W.  V2  of  the  N.W.  %,  Sec.  18,  Twp.  14  N.,  R.  5  E.  of 
the  4th  P.  M. 

Description. — The  field  consists  of  20  acres  of  dark-colored  loes- 
sial  upland  soil  of  medium  acidity.  Two  soil  types  have  been  mapped 
on  this  field:  (1)  Black  Clay  Loam,  poorly  drained  phase,  (Loessial 
Clyde  clay  loam);  and  (2)  Brown  Silt  Loam  (Muscatine  silt  loam). 
The  land  is  rather  rolling  with  a  tendency  to  wash  at  a  point  or  two. 
It  is  thoroly  tile-drained.  The  drainage  is  fairly  satisfactory.  The  field 
is  divided  into  eight  series,  four  of  which  contain  10  fifth-acre  plots 
and  four  of  which  contain  4  fifth-acre  plots. 

History. — The  Kewanee  field  was  purchased  by  the  citizens  of 
Kewanee,  Galva,  and  vicinity,  and  donated  to  the  University  for 
experimental  purposes.  Shortly  before  the  experiment  field  was  estab- 
lished the  land  occupied  by  Plots  1,  2,  and  3  of  Series  100,  200,  and  300 
received  an  application  of  manure.  Also,  a  part  of  the  land  occupied 
by  Plots  8,  9,  and  10  of  Series  100  had  been  used  as  a  threshing 
ground.  Oats  were  grown  on  Series  100  and  200  in  1914,  and  soybeans 
and  corn  were  grown  on  the  land  occupied  by  Series  300  and  400  re- 
spectively. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — The  somewhat  standard  rotation 
and  soil  treatment  methods  described  in  the  introduction  were  estab- 
lished on  Series  100,  200,  300,  and  400.  These  methods  were  followed 
without  change  until  1918,  when  it  was  planned  to  harvest  from  the 
residue  plots  the  first  crop  of  clover  as  hay  and  the  second  crop  as 
seed.  In  1921  it  was  planned  to  harvest  all  clover  as  hay  and  to  dis- 
continue the  return  of  the  oats  straw.  In  1922  the  application  of 
limestone  was  discontinued  until  again  needed.  The  return  of  the  wheat 
straw  was  also  discontinued  in  1922. 

Alfalfa  was  grown  on  Series  500,  600,  700,  and  800  until  1922.  In 
the  beginning,  limestone  was  applied  to  Plots  3  and  4  at  the  rate  of  4 
tons  an  acre.  This  application  was  repeated  in  1919.  In  1922  the  same 
rotation  practiced  on  the  larger  series  was  established  on  these  series. 
Rock  phosphate  was  applied  to  Plots  1  and  3  at  the  annual  rate  of  400 
pounds  an  acre,  applied  once  in  the  rotation  ahead  of  the  wheat.  Acid 
phosphate  was  applied  to  Plots  2  and  4  at  the  annual  rate  of  200 
pounds  an  acre.  It  was  applied  twice  in  the  rotation,  one-half  for 
wheat  and  one-half  for  oats. 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


143 


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146 


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1926]  THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS  147 

LAMOILLE  FIELD,  BUREAU  COUNTY 
ESTABLISHED  1910 

Location. — About  one  mile  south  of  LaMoille.  A  part  of  the  N.E. 
i/4  of  the  N.W.  i/4,  Sec.  36,  Twp.  18  N.,  R.  10  E.  of  the  4th  P.  M. 

Description. — The  field  consists  of  20  acres  of  dark-colored  loes- 
sial  upland  soil  practically  neutral  or  slightly  acid.  Four  soil  types 
have  been  mapped  on  this  field:  (1)  Black  Clay  Loam,  poorly  drained 
phase  (Loessial  Clyde  clay  loam.) ;  (2)  Black  Silty  Clay  Loam  On 
Clay  (Grundy  silty  clay  loam) ;  (3)  Brown  Silt  Loam  (Muscatine  silt 
loam) ;  and  (4)  Light  Brown  Silt  Loam  (Tama  silt  loam).  The  land 
is  moderately  rolling.  It  is  thoroly  tiled  and  drains  well  except  in  the 
lower  and  flatter  portions  in  the  west  end  of  the  field.  The  field  is 
divided  into  eight  series,  four  of  which  contain  10  fifth-acre  plots  and 
four  which  contain  4  tenth-acre  plots. 

History. — The  LaMoille  field  was  donated  by  Mrs.  Anna  Norris 
Kendall  to  the  University  for  experimental  purposes.  In  1909  the  en- 
tire field  was  in  corn.  Little  is  known  of  the  previous  history  of  the 
field.  It  is  believed  that  it  had  been  heavily  pastured  for  some  time 
before  it  was  plotted. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — The  somewhat  standard  rotation 
and  soil  treatment  methods  described  in  the  introduction  were  estab- 
lished on  Series  100,  200,  300,  and  400.  These  methods  were  followed 
without  change  until  1918,  when  it  was  planned  to  harvest  from  the 
clover  a  hay  crop  as  well  as  a  seed  crop  on  the  residue  plots.  In  1921 
the  return  of  the  oat  straw  was  discontinued,  and  in  1922  the  return 
of  the  wheat  straw  was  discontinued.  In  1923  the  rotation  was  changed 
to  corn,  corn,  oats,  and  wheat,  with  a  seeding  of  hubam  clover  in  the 
oats  on  all  plots  and  biennial  sweet  clover  in  the  wheat  on  the  residue 
plots.  At  that  time  the  limestone  was  discontinued  until  further  need 
for  it  should  appear  and  the  phosphate  applications  were  evened  up 
to  4  tons  an  acre.  No  more  phosphate  will  be  applied  for  an  indefi- 
nite period. 

The  original  rotation  on  Series  500,  600,  700,  and  800  was  pota- 
toes two  years  and  alfalfa  six  years.  Manure  was  applied  at  the  rate 
of  15  tons  an  acre  for  each  potato  crop.  Limestone  was  applied  at  the 
annual  acre  rate  of  ^  ton  at  the  time  the  alfalfa  was  seeded.  Rock  phos- 
phate at  the  annual  acre  rate  of  500  pounds  was  applied  at  the  same 
time.  In  1921  these  materials  were  evened  up  to  30  tons  of  manure, 
9  tons  of  limestone,  and  S1/^  tons  of  rock  phosphate  an  acre  and  the 
rotation  was  changed  to  corn,  corn,  wheat,  and  alsike  clover.  Since 
this  time  all  the  crops  have  been  removed  from  the  land  and  nothing 
has  been  returned. 


148 


BULLETIN  No.  273 


[January, 


\  Black  Silty  Clay  Loam  On  Clay                       ~~|  Brown  Silt  Loam 
I  QiWy  s.lty  clay  loin,  I I  Muscat.™  s,lt  loam 

I  Black  Clay  Loam   poorly  dra.ned  pnaw      |lv"/J   Light  Brown  Silt  Loam 
|  Loess.al  Clyde  cfa7  loam  I-X><   T.ma  s.k  loam 

SOIL  MAP  OF  LA  MOILLE  FIELD 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


149 


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152  BULLETIN  No.  273  [January, 

LEBANON  FIELD,  ST.  CLAIR  COUNTY 
ESTABLISHED  1910 

Location. — Immediately  south  of  Lebanon.  Parts  of  lots  43  and 
44  in  the  S.W.  *4,  Sec.  19,  Twp.  2  N.,  R.  6  W.  of  the  3d  P.  M. 

Description. — The  field  consists  of  20  acres  of  dark-colored  loes- 
sial  upland  soil  of  medium  acidity.  It  appears  to  be  fairly  uniform 
both  as  to  soil  and  topography.  Only  one  soil  type  was  found  on  this 
field,  namely,  Grayish  Brown  Silt  Loam  On  Tight  Clay  (Grundy  silt 
loam,  grayish  phase).  Altho  there  is  more  than  20  feet  difference  in 
elevations  on  the  field,  the  slope  is  uniform  and  regular  from  the  north- 
west to  the  southeast.  The  field  is  thoroly  tiled  and  drains  well,  except 
in  the  lower  portions  along  the  east  and  south.  The  field  is  divided 
into  seven  series,  four  of  which  contain  10  fifth-acre  plots  and  three 
of  which  contain  8  tenth-acre  plots. 

History. — The  land  was  purchased  by  McKendree  College  and 
donated  to  the  University  for  experimental  purposes.  The  purchase 
price  was  contributed  for  the  purpose  by  Governor  Charles  S.  Deneen, 
an  alumnus  and  trustee  of  McKendree  College  and  at  the  time  an 
ex-officio  trustee  of  the  University  of  Illinois.  During  the  preceding 
year  the  land  occupied  by  Series  100  and  300  was  in  wheat  and  that 
occupied  by  Series  200  and  400  was  in  corn.  No  other  information  is 
available  in  regard  to  the  previous  history  of  the  field. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — The  somewhat  standard  rotation 
and  soil  treatment  methods  described  in  the  introduction  were  estab- 
lished on  Series  100,  200,  300,  and  400.  These  methods  were  followed 
without  change  until  1918,  when  it  was  planned  to  harvest  a  crop  of 
clover  hay  as  well  as  the  seed  from  the  residue  plots.  In  1921  the 
return  of  the  oat  straw  was  discontinued  and  in  1922  the  return  of 
wheat  straw  was  discontinued.  At  that  time  it  was  also  planned  to 
harvest  all  clover  as  hay  and  to  discontinue  the  application  of  lime- 
stone until  need  for  it  should  become  apparent.  In  1923  the  rotation 
was  changed  to  corn,  soybeans,  wheat,  with  hubam  clover  seeded  on  all 
plots,  and  wheat,  with  sweet  clover  on  the  residue  plots.  At  that  time 
the  phosphate  applications  were  evened  up  to  4  tons  an  acre,  and  no 
more  will  be  applied  for  an  indefinite  period. 

The  original  rotation  on  Series  500,  600,  700  was  potatoes,  corn, 
and  soybeans.  This  was  changed  in  1921  to  wheat,  sweet  clover,  and 
potatoes.  Previous  to  this  change,  manure  was  applied  to  Plots  2,  3, 
and  4  at  the  rate  of  45  tons  an  acre  for  the  potato  crop.  Limestone 
was  applied  at  the  annual  rate  of  1,000  pounds  an  acre  to  Plots  3  and 
4  for  corn.  Rock  phosphate  at  the  annual  rate  of  500  pounds  an  acre 
was  applied  to  Plot  4  for  the  potato  crop.  In  1921  the  limestone  was 
evened  up  to  8  tons  an  acre,  phosphate  to  3  tons,  and  manure  to  150 
tons.  The  plots  were  divided  lengthwise  and  the  half-plots  were  desig- 
nated 1  West  and  1  East,  etc.  No  more  fertilizers  have  been  applied 


1926} 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


153 


to  the  west  halves,  but  acid  phosphate  has  been  applied  to  the  east 
half  of  Plots  1,  2,  and  3  of  each  series  at  the  annual  rate  of  200  pounds 
an  acre,  400  pounds  preceding  the  potato  crop  and  200  pounds  ahead 
of  the  wheat.  Rock  phosphate  will  be  applied  to  the  east  half  of  Plot  4 
on  each  series  at  the  annual  rate  of  500  pounds  an  acre,  all  to  the 
potato  crop. 


•  .  Bn>~n  S.It  Lo>m  On  T,ght  Clay 

undy  silt  Wm.  grayish  phas« 


SOIL  MAP  OF  LEBANON  FIELD 


Contour  lnt«r.»l-ll 


154 


BULLETIN  No.  273 


[January, 


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THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


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BULLETIN  No.  273 


[January, 


TABLE  52.— LEBANON  FIELD:     SERIES  500,  600,  700  (1921-1924) 


Plot 
No.                   Soil  treatment  applied 

1921 
Oats 

1922 
Sweet 
clover 

1923 
Potatoes 

1924 
Wheat    Stubble 
clover 

501W  0  

58.1 

(2.68) 

45.8 

19.5       (1.75) 

501E    aP  

58.4 

(2.65) 

52.0 

28.7       (2.07) 

502W  M 

33  8 

(3  35) 

70  5 

30  0        (2  04) 

502E    MaP     

37  8 

(2.83) 

62  8 

33.3       (2.33) 

503W  ML     

45  3 

(2  50) 

67  5 

31  7       (2.60) 

503E    MLaP  

49.  1 

(2.80) 

63.0 

38.0       (2.70) 

504W  MLrP1 

52  8 

(3  08) 

67  3 

28  3       (2  17) 

504E    MLrP 

43   1 

(3   10) 

60  8 

36  7       (2  64) 

Soy- 
beans2 

Potatoes 

Stubble 
Wheat      clover 

Clover 

60  1W  0 

22  2 

20  8 

30  0        (1  03) 

(2  99) 

601E    aP  

27.2 

22  7 

25  0        (1   10) 

(2.71) 

602W  M 

21.2 

30  5 

29  0        (1  27) 

(2.61) 

602E    MaP  

24.5 

34  3 

23.5        (   .82) 

(3.14) 

603W  ML   

25.3 

37.3 

28  5        (1   12) 

(2.51) 

603E    MLaP  

26.0 

35.0 

25.0        (1.01) 

(3.08) 

604W  MLrP1  

21.8 

23.7 

32.7        (1.34) 

(3.27) 

604E    MLrP                        .      . 

23  5 

27  7 

25  0        (1  03) 

(2  70) 

Potatoes 

Wheat 

Sweet  clover 

Potatoes 

701W  0 

47  0 

32  5 

50 

50  8 

701E    aP     

65  0 

26  5 

.83 

39  7 

702W  M 

42  0 

28  7 

.33 

47  2 

702E    MaP  

66.2 

26  8 

.83 

52.0 

703W  ML  

44  7 

29  2 

.33 

59  2 

703E    MLaP  

53.7 

25.7 

.67 

76.8 

704W  MLrP1  .  .  . 

52.0 

36.2 

.33 

58.0 

704E    MLrP... 

52.0 

27.5 

.83 

89.7 

'Residual  phosphate  on  plots  504W,  604W,  and  704W. 


acid  phosphate. 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS  159 

LINCOLN  FIELD,  LOGAN  COUNTY 

ESTABLISHED  1902 — DISCONTINUED  1911 

Location. — About  three  miles  east  of  Lincoln  on  the  farm  of 
Mr.  John  Zeter.  A  part  of  the  N.E.  %  of  the  S.E.  }4  of  the  S.E.  ^, 
Sec.  33,  Twp.  20  N.,  R.  2  W.  of  the  3rd  P.  M. 

Description. — This  field  consisted  of  2.1  acres  of  dark-colored  soil 
probably  neutral  or  only  slightly  acid  in  reaction.  The  soil  was  de- 
scribed, when  the  field  was  established,  as  Black  Prairie  Loam  char- 
acteristic of  central  Illinois.  The  land  was  level  and  uniform  in  nature. 
It  was  thoroly  tile-drained.  The  field  was  plotted  into  one  series  of 
13  tenth-acre  plots. 

History. — The  field  was  leased  from  Mr.  John  Zeter.  The  soil 
had  been  well  taken  care  of  and  was  capable  of  producing  good  crops. 
Corn  was  grown  in  1901. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — This  field  was  planned  for  what 
was  called  a  complete  fertility  test.  Nitrogen  was  applied  in  dried 
blood  at  the  approximate  annual  rate  of  700  pounds  until  1907,  when 
crop  residues  were  substituted.  Phosphorus  was  applied  in  steamed 
bone  meal  and  potassium  in  potassium  sulfate  at  approximately  the 
annual  acre  rates  of  200  pounds  and  100  pounds  respectively.  In  1902 
manure  was  applied  to  Plot  98  at  the  rate  of  30  loads  an  acre,  to  Plot 
99  at  the  rate  of  20  loads  an  acre,  and  to  Plot  100  at  the  rate  of  10 
loads  an  acre.  This  application  was  repeated  in  1907.  Slaked  lime  was 
applied  in  1902  at  the  rate  of  450  pounds  an  acre,  and  in  1903  at  the 
rate  of  700  pounds. 


160 


BULLETIN  No.  273 


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1926]  THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS  161 

OLD  MANITO  FIELD,  MASON  COUNTY 
ESTABLISHED  1902 — DISCONTINUED  1905 

The  Old  Manito  field  was  a  cooperative  field  on  the  farm  of 
Mr.  Joseph  Brenner  near  Manito.  The  soil  was  described  as  Deep 
Peat.  The  experiments  were  carried  out  on  plots  2  rods  wide  and  80 
rods  long  on  areas  of  land  covering  one  acre.  No  crop  other  than  corn 
was  grown  on  these  plots.  The  treatments  and  the  amounts  applied 
to  an  acre  are  given  in  Table  53.  Only  two  applications  of  these 
materials  were  made  to  the  plots. 

NEW  MANITO  FIELD,  TAZEWELL  COUNTY 
ESTABLISHED  1907 — DISCONTINUED  1913 

Location. — About  four  miles  east  of  Manito  on  the  farm  of  Mr. 
W.  N.  Sunderland.  A  part  of  the  S.E.  *4  of  the  N.W.  *4,  Sec.  19, 
Twp.  23  N.,  R.  5  W.  of  the  3d  P.  M. 

Description. — The  field  consisted  of  12.6  acres,  the  soil  of  which 
was  described  as  peaty  alkali  soil.  The  field  was  divided  into  three 
series  containing  5  fourth-acre  plots  each. 

History. — The  land  was  leased  from  Mr.  W.  N.  Sunderland.  In 
1906  the  land  was  in  corn.  Some  studies  of  the  yields  of  this  corn 
indicated  variable  results.  Little  other  information  is  available  in 
regard  to  the  previous  history  of  this  field. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — The  rotation  on  this  field  was 
corn,  oats,  and  wheat.  Manure  at  the  rate  of  6  tons  an  acre  to  the  west 
halves  of  the  manure  plots  and  12  tons  an  acre  to  the  east  halves  was 
applied  to  the  corn  once  in  each  rotation.  In  1907  potassium  sulfate 
at  the  rate  of  400  pounds  an  acre  was  applied  to  the  potassium  plots 
of  all  series.  No  further  applications  were  made  until  1910,  when 
potassium  sulfate  was  again  applied  to  the  potassium  plots  of  all  series 
at  the  approximate  rate  of  150  pounds  an  acre.  These  applications 
were  repeated  each  year  thereafter.  One  application  of  gypsum  was 
made  on  Plot  4  of  all  series  in  1907.  It  was  applied  in  equal  strips 
across  the  plots  at  the  rate  of  2,  4,  8,  and  16  tons  an  acre. 


162 


BULLETIN  No.  273 


[January, 


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1  None  
2  None  
3  Kainit,  600  Ibs  
4  Kainit,  600  Ibs.  Acidulated  bon 
5  Potassium  chlorid,  200  Ibs. 

6  Sodium  chlorid,  700  Ibs  
7  Sodium  chlorid,  700  Ibs  
8  Kainit,  600  Ibs  
9  Kainit,  300  Ibs  
10  None  

19X6} 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


163 


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302E  Manure  (12  tons)  

304  Gypsum  
305  None  

164  BULLETIN  No.  273  [January, 

MASCOUTAH  FIELD,  ST.  CLAIR  COUNTY 
ESTABLISHED  1902 — DISCONTINUED  1913 

Location. — About  two  miles  northeast  of  Mascoutah  on  the  farm 
of  Mr.  George  Postel.  A  part  of  the  S.  V2  of  the  S.W.  %  of  the  S.E.  %, 
Sec.  17,  Twp.  1  N.,  R.  6  W.  of  the  3d  P.  M. 

Description. — The  field  consisted  of  14.5  acres  of  land,  the  soil  of 
which  was  described  at  the  time  the  field  was  established  as  light 
prairie  loam,  clayey  in  nature,  with  a  clay  subsoil  about  19  inches 
deep.  This  soil  was  probably  somewhat  similar  to  that  now  known  as 
Gray  Silt  Loam  On  Tight  Clay.  The  field  was  slightly  rolling.  No 
tile  was  used.  The  field  was  divided  into  six  series,  five  of  which  con- 
tained 10  tenth-acre  plots  each  and  one  of  which  comprized  12  fourth- 
acre  plots.  The  latter  series  was  known  as  the  East  field. 

History. — The  Mascoutah  field  was  leased  from  Mr.  George 
Postel.  It  had  been  cultivated  a  number  of  years  previous,  growing 
the  crops  common  to  the  region,  chiefly  wheat  and  corn.  In  1900  and 
1901  this  field  produced  28  bushels  of  wheat  to  the  acre. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — The  rotation  practiced  on  Series 
100,  200,  300,  and  400  was  corn,  oats,  wheat,  and  legumes.  Catch 
crops  of  legumes  were  seeded  on  the  residue  plots  in  the  corn  when  it 
was  laid  by,  and  in«the  stubble  after  the  oats  and  wheat  were  har- 
vested. For  the  first  rotation  an  application  of  manure  was  made  at 
the  uniform  rate  of  8  tons  an  acre.  Thereafter,  it  was  applied  in  pro- 
portion to  the  amount  of  produce  grown  on  the  respective  plots  the 
preceding  rotation.  Phosphorus  was  applied  in  steamed  bone  meal  at 
the  annual  rate  of  200  pounds  an  acre,  and  potassium  was  applied  in 
potassium  sulfate  at  the  annual  rate  of  100  pounds  an  acre. 

Air-slaked  lime  was  applied  at  the  rate  of  400  pounds  an  acre  in  1902  and 
700  pounds  an  acre  in  1903.  No  more  lime  material  was  applied  until  1909,  when 
limestone  at  the  rotation  rate  of  1%  tons  an  acre  was  applied. 

Series  500  was  cropped  with  a  rotation  of  corn,  corn,  oats,  and  wheat  in  what 
was  called  a  complete  fertility  test.  The  nitrogen  was  supplied  in  800  pounds  of 
dried  blood,  the  phosphorus  in  200  pounds  of  steamed  bone  meal,  and  the  po- 
tassium in  100  pounds  of  potassium  sulfate  an  acre  each  year.  The  lime  applica- 
tions were  similar  to  those  on  the  first  four  series. 

The  plots  of  the  East  field  were  laid  out  to  test  the  relative  value  of  various 
phosphate  carriers.  The  first  application  of  the  phosphates  consisted  of  400 
pounds  of  steamed  bone  meal,  400  pounds  of  acid  phosphate,  1,000  pounds  of 
rock  phosphate,  and  400  pounds  of  basic  slag  an  acre  applied  ahead  of  the  corn  in 
1904.  Subsequent  applications  were  made  at  the  annual  acre  rates  of  one-half 
these  amounts.  In  1904  potassium  sulfate  was  applied  to  all  plots  at  the  rate  of 
200  pounds  an  acre,  and  subsequent  applications  of  approximately  100  pounds  an 
acre  a  year  were  made  until  1908.  In  1908  the  practice  of  applying  kainit  once  in 
the  rotation  in  various  amounts  across  all  plots  was  instituted.  Five  2-rod  strips 
on  each  half-plot  were  so  treated.  The  first  received  the  kainit  at  the  acre  rate  of 
120  pounds,  the  second  at  240  pounds,  the  third  at  400  pounds,  the  fourth  at  750 
pounds,  and  the  fifth  at  1,075  pounds.  During  the  next  rotation  approximately 
the  same  amounts  were  applied.  Slaked  lime  was  applied  to  the  south  half  of  the 
series  in  1904  at  the  rate  of  one  ton  an  acre. 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


165 


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168  BULLETIN  No.  273  [January, 

McNABB  FIELD.  PUTNAM  COUNTY 

ESTABLISHED  1907 

Location. — About  1%  miles  south  of  McNabb  on  land  belonging 
to  the  estate  of  Mr.  John  P.  Swaney.  A  part  of  the  N.E.  14  of  the 
S.W.  14,  Sec.  15,  Twp.  31  N.,  R.  1  W.  of  the  3d  P.  M. 

Description. — The  field  consists  of  6  acres  of  dark-colored  loessial 
upland  soil  of  slight  acidity.  The  field  is  fairly  uniform  in  both  soil 
and  topography.  Only  one  soil  type  has  been  mapped,  namely,  Brown 
Silt  Loam  (Muscatine  silt  loam).  The  southwest  corner  of  the  field 
has  a  somewhat  prominent  slope.  The  land  is  tile-drained  and  drains 
well.  The  field  is  divided  into  four  series  of  6  tenth-acre  plots  each. 

History. — The  McNabb  field  was  first  leased  from  Mr.  John 
Swaney.  Since  his  death  the  lease  has  been  continued  with  the  estate. 
The  soil  was  very  productive  when  the  field  was  established.  Previous 
to  that  time  the  field  was  in  meadow  for  a  number  of  years. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — The  rotation  practiced  on  this 
field  has  been  corn,  oats,  wheat,  and  clover,  which  has  been  handled 
similarly  to  the  plans  described  in  the  introduction.  Soybeans  were 
grown  as  a  cover  crop  for  use  as  residues  in  the  corn  on  Plots  1  and  2 
until  1918,  when  they  were  discontinued.  In  1919  it  was  planned  to 
harvest  from  the  residue  plots  a  crop  of  clover  hay  as  well  as  the  seed. 
In  1921  the  return  of  the  oat  straw  was  discontinued,  and  in  1922  the 
return  of  the  wheat  straw  was  also  discontinued.  Since  that  time  all 
clover  has  been  harvested  as  hay.  In  1923  the  rock  phosphate  was 
evened  up  to  a  total  application  of  5  tons  on  the  phosphate  plots,  and 
no  more  will  be  applied  for  an  indefinite  period. 

Plot  6  was  added  to  each  series  in  1921.  Thus  far  no  soil  treat- 
ment has  been  applied  to  this  plot. 


Contour  lnt«rvg|  -  1  foot 


SOIL  MAP  or  Me  NABB  FIELD 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


169 


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170 


BULLETIN  No.  273 


[January, 


MINONK  FIELD,  WOODFORD  COUNTY 

ESTABLISHED  1910 

Location. — About  one  mile  west  of  Minonk.  A  part  of  the  N.E. 
1/4  of  the  N.E.  i/4,  Sec.  11,  Twp.  28  N.,  R.  1  E.  of  the  3d  P.  M. 

Description. — The  field  consists  of  15  acres  of  dark-colored  loes- 
sial  and  drift  upland  soil  slightly  acid.  Four  soil  types  have  been 
mapped  on  this  field:  (1)  Brown  Silt  Loam  (Muscatine  silt  loam); 

(2)  Brown   Silt  Loam   On   Calcareous   Drift    (Clarion   silt   loam) ; 

(3)  Black  Clay  Loam,  poorly  drained  phase,   (Loessial  Clyde  clay 
loam) ;  and  (4)  Brown  Silt  Loam  On  Calcareous  Clay  (Grundy  silt 
loam,  calcareous  phase).    The  land  is  gently  rolling  with  a  general 
westward  slope.    It  is  thoroly  tiled  and  drains  well  except  in  lower 
areas.    The  field  is  divided  into  four  series  of  10  plots  each.    All  plots 
are  one-fifth  acre  in  size,  except  on  Series  100,  where  they  are  one- 
tenth  acre  in  size. 

History. — The  Minonk  field  was  donated  by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bela 
M.  Stoddard  to  the  University  for  experimental  purposes.  The  year 
preceding  the  acquisition  of  the  field,  corn  was  grown  on  this  land. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — The  somewhat  standard  rotation 
and  soil  treatment  methods  described  in  the  introduction  were  estab- 
lished on  all  series  of  this  field.  These  methods  were  followed  without 
change  until  1919,  when  it  was  planned  to  harvest  from  the  residue 
plots  a  crop  of  clover  hay  as  well  as  a  seed  crop.  In  1921  the  return  of 
the  oat  straw  was  discontinued.  At  that  time  it  was  planned  to 
harvest  all  clover  as  hay.  In  1922  the  return  of  the  wheat  straw  was 
discontinued,  as  well  as  the  application  of  limestone  until  such  time 
as  it  may  be  needed.  In  1923  the  rotation  was  changed  to  corn,  corn, 
oats,  and  wheat  with  a  seeding  of  hubam  clover  in  the  oats  on  all  plots 
and  biennial  sweet  clover  in  the  wheat  on  the  residue  plots.  At  that 
time  the  phosphate  applications  were  evened  up  to  4  tons  an  acre,  and 
no  more  will  be  applied  for  an  indefinite  time. 


SOIL  MAP  or  MINONK  FIELD 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


171 


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1926}  THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS  173 

MOMENCE  FIELD,  KANKAKEE  COUNTY 

ESTABLISHED  1902 — DISCONTINUED  1915 

Location. — About  three  miles  south  of  Momence  on  the  farm  of 
Mr.  C.  C.  Porter.  A  part  of  the  N.E.  14  of  the  N.W.  %  of  the  S.E.  %, 
Sec.  6,  Twp.  30  N.,  R.  11  W.  of  the  2d  P.  M.  and  a  part  of  the  S.W.  % 
of  the  S.W.  ixi  of  the  N.E.  ^,  Sec.  6,  Twp.  30  N.,  R.  11  W.  of 
the  2d  P.  M. 

Description. — The  field  consisted  of  two  areas,  one  containing  2}4 
acres  and  one  3^/2  acres.  At  the  time  the  field  was  established  the  soil 
on  the  smaller  field  was  described  as  Peaty  Loam  On  Rock  underlain 
with  impure  limestone  at  a  depth  of  2  or  3  feet,  with  about  12  inches 
of  yellow  sandy  subsoil  between  the  peaty  soil  and  the  underlying 
rock.  The  land  on  the  larger  area  was  described  as  somewhat  similar 
but  naturally  more  productive.  The  smaller  area  was  plotted  into  one 
series  of  10  tenth-acre  plots  known  as  Series  100,  and  the  other  area 
into  two  series  of  10  tenth-acre  plots  each,  known  as  Series  200 
and  300. 

History. — The  land  was  leased  from  Mr.  C.  C.  Porter.  The 
smaller  area  was  plotted  in  1902.  Previous  to  that  time  the  soil  was 
unproductive  and  grew  only  very  small  crops.  The  larger  area  was 
plotted  in  the  fall  of  1903.  During  that  year  the  field  was  in  oats. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — Corn  was  grown  continuously  on 
Series  100  in  what  was  called  a  complete  fertility  test.  Fertilizers 
were  applied  at  the  following  acre  rates  each  year:  nitrogen  in  about 
800  pounds  of  dried  blood,  phosphorus  in  about  200  pounds  of  steamed 
bone  meal,  and  potassium  in  about  150  pounds  of  potassium  chlorid  or 
potassium  sulfate.  In  the  beginning  475  pounds  of  air-slaked  lime  an 
acre  was  applied.  No  further  applications  of  lime  were  made. 

Series  200  and  300  were  cropped  with  a  rotation  of  corn,  corn, 
oats,  and  clover.  Nitrogen  was  supplied  either  in  residues  or  in 
manure.  The  residues,  including  legume  cover  crops,  were  made  use 
of  from  the  beginning,  but  no  manure  was  applied  until  1908.  The 
manure  was  applied  in  proportion  to  crop  yields.  The  phosphorus  was 
applied  at  the  annual  rate  of  200  pounds  of  steamed  bone  meal  an 
acre.  No  potassium  was  applied  to  Series  200,  but  it  was  applied  to 
the  whole  of  Series  300  at  the  annual  rate  of  150  pounds  of  potassium 
sulfate  an  acre.  Common  salt  (sodium  chlorid)  was  applied  to  the 
north  half  of  all  plots  of  Series  200  at  the  rate  of  600  pounds  an  acre 
in  1908,  and  again  in  1912. 


174 


BULLETIN  No.  273 


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1986] 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


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176  BULLETIN  No.  273  [January, 

MT.  MORRIS  FIELD,  OGLE  COUNTY 
ESTABLISHED  1910 

Location. — Just  outside  the  residence  district  southeast  of  Mt. 
Morris.  A  part  of  the  N.  V2  of  the  N.W.  ^,  Sec.  35,  Twp.  24  N.,  R.  9 
E.  of  the  4th  P.  M. 

Description. — The  field  consists  of  20  acres  of  dark-colored  loessial 
upland  soil  of  medium  acidity.  Five  soil  types  have  been  mapped  on 
this  field:  (1)  Light  Brown  Silt  Loam,  shallow  phase  (Tama  silt 
loam,  shallow  phase) ;  (2)  Light  Brown  Silt  Loam  (Tama  silt  loam) ; 
(3)  Light  Brown  Silt  Loam,  deep  phase  (Tama  silt  loam,  deep 
phase) ;  (4)  Brown  Silt  Loam  (Muscatine  silt  loam) ;  and  (5)  Brown 
Silt  Loam,  deep  phase  (Muscatine  silt  loam,  deep  phase).  The  land  is 
moderately  rolling  with  a  tendency  to  wash  at  some  places.  It  is 
thoroly  tile-drained  and  drains  well  except  in  some  of  the  lower  spots. 
The  field  is  divided  into  eight  series,  four  containing  10  fifth-acre  plots 
each,  and  four  containing  4  tenth-acre  plots  each. 

History. — The  land  was  purchased  by  Mt.  Morris  College  and 
the  citizens  of  Mt.  Morris  and  vicinity  and  donated  to  the  University 
for  experimental  purposes.  Little  is  known  of  the  previous  history  of 
the  field  except  that  it  was  in  corn  in  1909. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — The  somewhat  standard  rotation 
and  soil  treatment  methods  described  in  the  introduction  were  estab- 
lished on  Series  100,  200,  300,  and  400.  In  1920  a  clover  hay  crop  as 
well  as  the  seed  crop  was  harvested  from  the  residue  plots.  Beginning 
with  1921  all  clover  was  removed  as  hay  and  the  return  of  the  oat 
straw  discontinued.  In  1922  the  return  of  the  wheat  straw  was  discon- 
tinued, as  well  as  the  applications  of  limestone  until  such  time  as  its 
need  should  become  apparent.  In  1923  the  rock  phosphate  applications 
were  evened  up  to  4  tons  an  acre  and  no  more  will  be  applied  for  an 
indefinite  period. 

Until  1912  Series  500,  600,  700,  and  800  were  unplotted,  at  which 
time  a  rotation  of  potatoes  two  years  and  alfalfa  six  years  was  estab- 
lished on  these  series.  Manure  was  applied  at  the  rate  of  15  tons  an 
acre  for  each  potato  crop.  In  the  beginning,  4  tons  of  limestone  an  acre 
was  applied,  and  thereafter  the  applications  were  continued  at  the  rate 
of  Y2  ton  each  year,  all  applied  before  the  alfalfa.  Rock  phosphate  was 
applied  at  the  annual  rate  of  500  pounds  an  acre  before  the  first  potato 
crop.  In  1921  the  rotation  was  changed  to  corn,  barley,  sweet  clover, 
and  alfalfa.  The  manure  was  evened  up  to  30  tons  an  acre,  the  lime- 
stone to  9  tons,  and  the  phosphate  to  3%  tons,  and  for  the  present  no 
more  of  these  materials  will  be  applied. 


1926} 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


177 


S3  L'gnt  Brown  Silt  Loam,  shallow  phas 
r-~-~il  Tama  stlt  loam,  shallow  phase 

DLi^ht  Brown  Silt  Loam 
Tama  silt  loam 


l'I""''l  Brown   Silt   Loam 
I*  •'•'4  Muscatine  silt  loam 

K'.'J  Brown   Silt  Loam,  deep   phase 
r.'.'J  Muscatme  silt  loam,  deep  phas 


It,'?'1*  Brown  Silt  Loam,  deep   phase 
Tama  silt   loam,   deep   pha» 


Contour   interval -Hoot 


SOIL  MAP  OF  MT.  MORT?IS  FIELD 


178 


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THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


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1926] 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


181 


MYRTLE  FIELD,  OGLE  COUNTY 
ESTABLISHED  1904 — DISCONTINUED  1909 

Location. — About  three  miles  northeast  of  Myrtle,  on  the  farm  of 
Mr.  A.  L.  Hench.  A  part  of  the  N.E.  *4  of  the  N.E.  %  of  the  S.E.  V4, 
Sec.  3,  Twp.  25,  R.  10  E.  of  the  4th  P.  M. 

Description. — The  field  consisted  of  13  acres  of  dark-colored 
upland  soil  described  in  the  records  as  Brown  Silt  Loam  of  the  rolling 
lands  of  the  lowan  glaciation.  The  soil  was  described  as  uniform  and 
sufficiently  rolling  to  give  it  good  drainage  without  washing.  The  field 
was  divided  into  four  series  of  20  tenth-acre  plots  each. 

History. — The  field  was  leased  from  Mr.  A.  L.  Hench.*  Previous 
to  1904  the  land  had  been  farmed  in  a  general  system  of  grain  and 
stock  farming  in  which  a  large  amount  of  the  produce  had  been  fed  to 
dairy  cattle.  In  1903  the  field  was  in  clover  and  timothy. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — A  rotation  of  corn,  corn,  oats,  and 
clover  was  practiced  on  this  field.  The  phosphorus  was  applied 
approximately  at  the  annual  rate  of  500  pounds  of  rock  phosphate  au 
acre.  The  potassium  was  applied  at  the  annual  rate  of  100  pounds  of 
potassium  sulfate  an  acre.  Nitrogen  was  applied  to  Plot  19  at  the 
annual  acre  rate  of  200  pounds  of  dried  blood.  Manure  was  applied 
at  the  rate  of  8  tons  an  acre  for  the  rotation.  The  first  manure  was 
not  applied  until  1906.  Only  one  application  of  limestone  was  made; 
this  was  in  1906  at  the  rate  of  1,400  pounds  an  acre.  Soybeans  were 
seeded  in  the  corn  on  the  legume  plots  on  Series  100  and  300,  and  cow- 
peas  on  Series  200  and  400  for  use  as  residues. 

TABLE  65.— MYRTLE  FIELD:    SERIES  100,  20^,  300,  400 

Bushels  or  (tons)  per  acre 


Plot 
No. 

Soil  treatment  applied 

1904 
Corni 

1905 
Corn' 

1906 
Oats' 

1907 
Clover' 

1908 
Corn 

1909 
Corn 

101 

L... 

.     56.2 

57.7 

62.8 

(1.28) 

30.4 

32.8 

102 

LeL... 

...     49.5 

65.9 

70.0 

(1.45) 

41.6 

35.2 

103 

ML  

...     53  0 

67.5 

70.0 

(1.33) 

47.2 

37.0 

104 

LeML  

...     43.0 

66.1 

64.4 

(1.45) 

48.0 

34.8 

10r> 

L... 

.     43.8 

62.4 

63.1 

(1.42) 

43.6 

34.8 

106 

LrP       

...     49.5 

66  1 

69  7 

(1  85) 

54.0 

35  0 

107 

LeLrP  

...     47.0 

65.7 

75.0 

(2.07) 

54.0 

38.0 

108 

MLrP  

...     51  2 

61  7 

67  5 

(2  061 

60  6 

38  0 

109 

LeMLrP  

...     47.5 

65.9 

70.0 

(2.20) 

59.4 

41.6 

110 

L... 

.     46.5 

63.1 

60.6 

(1.51) 

47.6 

33.6 

111 

LrPK   

...     54  5 

71  7 

77  2 

(2  23) 

62.8 

44.8 

11? 

LeLrPK... 

...     50.7 

72.9 

73.7 

(2.20) 

61.6 

49.0 

113 

MLrPK   

...     54  0 

75  1 

82  8 

(2  29; 

65.8 

51  6 

114 

LeMLrPK  

...     62.5 

69.3 

77.2 

(2.25) 

62.6 

52.8 

115 

L... 

.     54.2 

63.3 

75.0 

(1.96) 

50.4 

39.2 

116 

Le  

...     54  0 

54  9 

68.1 

(1.69) 

38.4 

40.8 

117 

LerP... 

...     59.2 

58.3 

71.6 

(2.14) 

54.2 

42.0 

118 

LerPK  

...     54  0 

57.6 

68  7 

(2.45) 

56.2 

46.4 

119 

LeLNrPK                   .    .              ... 

...     56  2 

72  5 

85  0 

(2  51) 

54  6 

46  8 

120 

0.  .. 

.     60.2 

53.1 

56.6 

(1.54) 

45.0 

28.8 

'No  lime,  legumes,  or  manure.     *No  lime  or  manure.     'No  manure. 


182 


BULLETIN  No.  273 


[January, 


TABLE  65. — Continued 

Bushels  or  (tons)  per  acre 


Plot 

No. 

Soil  treatment  applied 

1904 
Corn1 

1905          1906 
Oats2    Clover*.6 

1907 
Corn 

1908 
Corn 

1909 
Oats 

201 
202 
203 
204 

205 
206 
207 
208 
209 

210 
211 
212 
213 
214 

215 

216 
217 
218 
219 

220 

L... 

.     56  4 

63.7       (0.00) 
77.1        (0.00) 
76.6        (0.00) 
76.9       (  .30) 

76.9       (0.00) 
75.5       (  .44) 
75.5        (   .46) 
77.6        (   .66) 
76.4        (   .51) 

75.5       (  .30) 
80.3        (   .49) 
80.0        (   .49) 
75.5        (   .76) 
75.0        (   .81) 

69.4        (0.00) 
72.7        (0.00) 
69.9        (0.00) 
69.1        (0.00) 
69.4        (0.00) 

58.6        (0.00) 

70.9 
76.5 
83.9 
85.3 

70.5 
70.0 
82.6 
91.4 
92.5 

73.4 
80.1 
85.0 
87.0 
87.9 

80.3 
76.3 
82.3 
84.4 
83.1 

61.0 

37.8 
36.4 
42.0 
41.2 

39.8 
42.4 
45.8 
54.2 
54.2 

43.8 
53.0 
52.8 
56.4 
52.2 

42.0 
38.2 
41.6 
41.6 
43.6 

31.6 

52.2 
54.7 
50.9 
53.4 

47.2 
49.7 
58.4 
56.3 
61.6 

50.0 
54.7 
60.3 
54.7 
59.7 

50.3 
55.6 
52.5 
47.8 
57.2 

47.2 

LeL  

...      59.1 

ML  

...     54  8 

LeML  

...     50.5 

L... 

.     52.2 

LrP          

.    .      54  5 

LeLrP...  •  

...      52  2 

MLrP  

...     54.8 

LeMLrP  

.    .     55  6 

L 

...      51  2 

LrPK  

...      54  8 

LeLrPK... 

...      51.6 

MLrPK     

.    .      57   1 

LeMLrPK  

...      54  6 

L... 

...      53  4 

Le  

...     51.5 

LerP     

...     48  5 

LerPK  

...     41  9 

LeLNrPK  

...     41.5 

0  

...     44.5 

Oats1 

Soy 
beans1 

Corn        Corn 

Oats 

Clover 

301 
302 
303 
304 

305 
306 
307 
308 
309 

310 
311 
312 
313 
314 

315 
316 
317 
318 
319 

320 

L... 

.     52  5 

•  .(3) 

79.4         52.9 
75.9         46.0 
78.0         47.1 
77.0        47.5 

69.0         39.8 
67.5        49.4 
72.0         49.3 
79.9         55.5 
79.2         53.9 

76.5         43.5 
69.6         48.6 
74.1         52.4 
77.9         52.8 
71.8         52.4 

60.0         33.4 
60.1         32.3 
58.9         40.5 
55.9         35.8 
71.8         53.8 

60.0        36.0 

37.2 
37.2 
40.3 
41.3 

38.4 
34.7 
40.6 
42.2 
44.1 

40.3 
40.0 
38.1 
42.2 
39.1 

35.6 
35.3 
36.3 
30.3 
40.0 

35.0 

(  .92) 
..(') 
(   .95) 
(  .99) 

(   .60) 
(   .85) 
..(*) 
(   .89) 
(  .71). 

(  .83) 
(1.18) 

.In 

(1.52) 
(1.47) 

(   .79) 
..(•) 
..(•> 
..(•) 
..(•) 

(  .62) 

LeL  

...     63.1 

14.7 
17.7 
18.3 

16.8 
16.5 
16.3 
16.3 
18.0 

18.3 
17.7 
17.0 
16.3 
14.8 

16.2 
15.2 
16.5 
15.3 
17.5 

12.3 

ML  

57  4 

LeML  

...      57.4 

L... 

.     56  8 

LrP  

...     56.9 

LeLrP  

...     59  7 

MLrP  

...     58  8 

LeMLrP  

...     59.  1 

L 

59  1 

LrPK..  . 

.     62  2 

LeLrPK  

...     61.0 

MLrPK  

...     55  9 

LeMLrPK  

...     60.0 

L... 

.     53.8 

Le  

...     52  8 

LerP  

...     62  2 

LerPK  

...     56.3 

LeLNrPK  

...     55  6 

0.  .. 

,     54.4 

•No  lime,  legumes  or  manure.  2No  lime  or  manure.  3Crop  destroyed  by  woodchucks.  4No  ma- 
nure. 'After  harvesting  clover,  cowpeas  were  seeded  and  growth  plowed  down.  'Growth  clipped  and 
left  on  plots. 


1926} 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


183 


TABLE  65. — Concluded 

Bushels  or  (tons)  per  acre 


Plot 

No. 

Soil  treatment  applied 

1904 
Timothyi 

1905 
Corn> 

1906 
Corn* 

1907 
Oats2 

1908 
Clovers 

1909 
Corn 

401 
402 
403 
404 

405 
406 
407 
408 
409 

410 
411 
412 
413 
414 

415 
416 
417 
418 
419 

420 

L  .. 

.    (1 

90) 
21) 
19) 
94) 

09) 

10) 
99) 
97) 
97) 

91) 

81) 
84) 
68) 
87) 

64) 
68) 
55) 
68) 
92) 

61) 

60.9 
59.5 
63.3 
60.5 

61.6 
68.7 
63.5 
69.1 
63.5 

59.5 
69.2 
67.5 
68.9 
64.8 

56.4 
52.1 
57.3 
59.2 

78.3 

62.0 

63.4 
60.1 
65.8 
60.8 

62.9 
63.4 
62.5 
68.1 
64.6 

66.4 
63.0 
58.6 
58.1 
50.9 

53.9 
46.3 
52.4 
54.8 
80.1 

66.4 

30.6 
30.6 
29.4 
28.1 

28.8 
29.7 
34.7 
30.9 
35.3 

28.1 
30.6 
32.8 
30.0 
33.1 

28.4 
28.1 
34.7 
34.1 
38.4 

31.3 

(1 
(1 
(1 
(2 

(1 
(2 
(2 
(2 
(2 

(1 
(2 
(2 
(2 
(2 

(1 
(2 
(2 
(2 
(2 

(2 

98) 
98) 
94) 
08) 

97) 
37) 
35) 
27) 
37) 

94) 
47) 
63) 
37) 
48) 

85) 
03) 
39) 
54) 
46) 

15) 

37.2 
38.6 
46.8 
44.6 

37.2 
46.8 
45.4 
49.4 
50.2 

38.4 
51.4 
58.0 
57.8 
55.4 

46.6 
44.8 
47.2 
54.6 
58.2 

45.4 

LeL  

(2 

ML...    ,  

.  (2 

LeML  

(1 

L... 

.    (2 

LrP  

.    (2 

LeLrP  

(1 

MLrP  

(1 

LeMLrP  

(1 

L... 

.    (1 

LrPK  

(1 

LeLrPK... 

(1 

MLrPK  

(1 

LeMLrPK  

(1 

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.    (1 

Le  

(1 

LerP  

.    .    .    (1 

LerPK  

(1 

LeLNrPK  

(2 

0... 

.    (1 

'No  lime,  legumes  or  manure.     'No  manure. 


184  BULLETIN  No.  273  [January, 


Location. — About  l1/^  miles  west  of  Newton.  A  part  of  the  E.  ^ 
of  the  N.W.  y±  of  the  N.E.  %,  Sec.  3,  Twp.  6  N.,  R.  9  E.  of  the 
3d  P.  M. 

Description. — The  field  consists  of  30  acres  of  light-colored  loessial 
upland  soil  of  strong  acidity.  The  land  is  uniform  in  both  soil  and 
topography.  Only  one  soil  type  is  present,  namely,  Gray  Silt  Loam 
On  Tight  Clay.  The  land  is  tile-drained  except  Series  400.  Owing  to 
the  impervious  nature  of  the  subsoil,  the  tile  did  not  materially 
improve  the  drainage  until  the  scheme  was  devised  to  use  the  tiles  as 
sewers  and  conduct  the  surface  water  into  them  thru  a  system  of 
ditches  and  catch  basins.  The  field  is  divided  into  twelve  series,  six 
of  which  contain  19  tenth-acre  plots,  five  of  which  contain  10  tenth- 
acre  plots,  and  one  of  which  contains  5  tenth-acre  plots. 

History. — The  Newton  field  was  purchased  by  Jasper  county  and 
the  citizens  of  Newton  and  vicinity  and  donated  to  the  University  for 
experimental  purposes.  Little  is  known  of  the  previous  history  of  the 
field  except  that  it  had  been  in  timothy  meadow  in  1911. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — A  rotation  of  corn,  soybeans,  and 
wheat,  with  sweet  clover  seeded  on  the  residue  plots  when  the  land 
was  in  wheat,  and  cowpeas  when  in  corn,  was  established  on  Series  100, 
200,  and  300.  The  same  rotation  was  established  on  Series  400,  which 
was  not  tile-drained.  The  soil  treatment  on  these  four  series  has  been 
similar  to  that  described  in  the  introduction,  except  that  dolomitic 
limestone  passing  a  10-mesh  screen  has  been  used  entirely  on  the 
limestone  plots.  No  large  initial  applications  of  limestone  were  made  on 
these  series.  In  1920  the  use  of  cowpeas  in  the  corn  was  discontinued. 
In  1922  the  return  of  wheat  straw  was  discontinued,  as  well  as  the 
application  of  limestone  until  further  need  for  it  should  become 
apparent. 

A  similar  rotation  was  established  on  Series  500,  600,  700,  800, 
900,  and  1000,  on  which  it  was  planned  to  study  the  effectiveness  of 
different  forms,  kinds,  amounts,  and  degrees  of  fineness  of  lime.  The 
odd-numbered  series  (500,  700,  900)  have  received  applications  either 
of  high-calcium  limestone  or  of  burnt  lime,  and  the  even-numbered 
series  (600,  800,  1000)  have  received  either  dolomitic  limestone  or  the 
corresponding  burnt  material.  Plots  2,  3,  4,  5,  and  6  on  all  series  have 
received  500  pounds  per  acre  per  year;  Plots  8,  9,  10,  11,  and  12  have 
received  1,000  pounds,  and  Plots  14,  15,  16,  17,  and  18  have  received 
2,000  pounds.  All  applications  were  based  on  the  equivalent  of  pure 
calcium  carbonate.  In  addition  to  the  lime  on  these  plots,  all  have  re- 
ceived residues,  rock  phosphate,  and  kainit  in  the  amounts  and  manner 


1926]  THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS  185 

described  in  the  introduction.  The  main  line  of  tile  which  runs 
between  Plots  16  and  17  across  these  series  may  have  some  influence 
on  the  yields  of  adjacent  plots.  The  above  methods  were  followed 
until  1920,  when  the  rotation  was  changed  to  corn,  wheat,  and  sweet 
clover.  Since  this  time  the  wheat  straw  and  sweet  clover  chaff 
have  been  returned.  The  corn  has  been  entirely  removed.  In  1922  the 
limestone  was  evened  up  to  a  total  application  of  3  tons  on  the  plots 
receiving  light  applications,  to  6  tons  on  the  plots  receiving  medium 
applications,  and  to  12  tons  an  acre  on  the  plots  receiving  heavy 
applications.  No  more  will  be  applied  until  the  sweet  clover  shows 
need  for  it.  In  1923,  soybeans  were  drilled  with  the  corn  on  Series  700 
and  800.  The  beans  were  harvested  as  hay  after  the  corn  had  been  cut 
and  removed  from  the  plots. 

Series  1100  and  1200  were  tile-drained  and  treated  with  limestone, 
rock  phosphate,  kainit,  and  residues  in  accordance  with  the  methods 
described  in  the  introduction.  These  plots  have  been  used  chiefly  for 
plant  breeding  investigations. 


186 


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1926}  THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS  195 

OBLONG  FIELD,  CRAWFORD  COUNTY 
ESTABLISHED  1912 

Location. — About  five  blocks  south  of  the  railroad  station  in 
Oblong.  A  part  of  the  S.  %  of  the  N.E.  %  of  the  N.E.  1/4,  Sec.  1, 
Twp.  6  N.,  R.  14  W.  of  the  2d  P.  M. 

Description. — The  field  consists  of  20  acres  of  light-colored  loessial 
upland  soil  of  strong  acidity.  The  land  is  uniform  from  the  standpoint 
of  both  soil  and  topography.  Only  one  type  of  soil  has  been  mapped 
on  the  field,  namely,  Gray  Silt  Loam  On  Tight  Clay.  A  thoro  system 
of  tile  drainage  has  been  provided,  but  owing  to  the  impervious  nature 
of  the  subsoil,  it  does  not  drain  easily.  The  field  is  divided  into  four 
series  of  10  fifth-acre  plots  each.  Four  large  plots,  designated  as  A,  B, 
C,  and  D,  have  been  used  for  minor  rotations. 

History. — The  Oblong  field  was  purchased  by  the  citizens  of 
Oblong  and  vicinity  and  donated  to  the  University  for  experimental 
purposes.  Little  is  known  of  the  previous  history  of  the  field  except 
that  in  1911  it  was  in  timothy  meadow. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — The  somewhat  standard  rotation 
and  soil  treatment  methods  described  in  the  introduction  were  estab- 
lished on  Series  100,  200,  300,  and  400.  These  methods  were  followed 
without  change  until  1920,  when  sweet  clover  was  substituted  for  al- 
sike  clover  in  the  rotation.  In  1922  the  return  of  the  wheat  straw  was 
discontinued.  The  following  year  the  application  of  limestone  was  dis- 
continued until  need  for  it  should  become  apparent.  In  1924  the  rock 
phosphate  applications  were  evened  up  to  4  tons  an  acre,  and  no  more 
will  be  applied  for  an  indefinite  period. 

Until  1921,  Plots  A,  B,  C,  and  D  were  cropped  with  a  rotation  of 
potatoes,  corn,  and  soybeans,  with  alfalfa  on  the  fourth  plot  for  one 
complete  rotation  of  the  three,  when  it  was  shifted.  Manure  was 
applied  at  the  rate  of  45  tons  an  acre  for  the  potato  crop.  Limestone 
was  applied  initially  at  the  rate  of  4  tons  an  acre  and  thereafter  at  the 
annual  rate  of  1,000  pounds  an  acre  to  the  soybeans,  and  7,000  pounds 
an  acre  ahead  of  the  alfalfa.  Rock  phosphate  at  the  annual  rate  of 
500  pounds  an  acre  and  kainit  at  the  rate  of  200  pounds  were  applied 
preceding  the  potato  crop.  In  1921  the  rotation  was  changed  to  wheat, 
corn,  oats,  and  legumes.  Since  that  time  nothing  has  been  applied  to 
the  soil  except  the  green  manure  sweet  clover  plowed  under  for  corn. 


196 


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200  BULLETIN  No.  273 

ODIN  FIELD,  MARION  COUNTY 
ESTABLISHED  1902 

Location. — About  one  mile  southwest  of  Odin  on  land  owned  by 
Mr.  Charles  Morrison  of  Odin.  Chiefly  in  the  S.W.  14  of  the  S.W.  %, 
Sec.  14,  Twp.  2  N.,  R.  1  E.  of  the  3d  P.  M. 

Description. — The  field  consists  of  20  acres  of  light-colored  loessial 
upland  soil  of  strong  acidity.  Three  soil  types  have  been  mapped  on 
the  field:  (1)  Gray  Silt  Loam  On  Tight  Clay;  (2)  Gray  Silt  Loam 
On  Plastic  Reddish  Brown  Clay;  and  (3)  Yellow  Gray  Silt  Loam. 
The  last  named  type  is  found  only  on  a  very  small  area,  while  the 
second  named  type  is  found  in  a  larger  area  in  the  northeast  part  of 
this  field.  The  land  is  fairly  level.  A  part  of  the  field  is  tile-drained, 
but  owing  to  the  impervious  nature  of  the  subsoil  the  tile  has  been 
unsatisfactory.  The  field  is  divided  into  eight  series,  four  of  which 
contain  10  fifth-acre  plots  each  and  four  which  contain  6  tenth-acre 
plots  each. 

History. — The  Odin  field  was  originally  leased  from  Col.  N.  B. 
Morrison.  Since  his  death  the  lease  has  been  continued  with  his  son, 
Mr.  Charles  Morrison.  Little  is  known  of  the  previous  history  of  the 
field  except  that  it  had  been  in  meadow  for  some  time. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — The  rotation  chiefly  practiced  on 
Series  100,  200,  300,  and  400  has  been  corn,  legumes  (cowpeas,  or  soy- 
beans), wheat,  and  clover.  Until  1922  the  clover  was  alsike,  soybeans 
being  substituted  if  the  clover  failed.  Since  that  time  sweet  clover  has 
been  used  instead  of  alsike.  A  part  of  the  time  cowpeas  were  seeded 
in  the  corn  at  the  last  cultivation.  The  first  five  plots  in  each  series 
were  not  tile-drained,  while  the  last  five  plots  were  tile-drained. 

Phosphorus  was  applied  at  the  annual  rate  of  200  pounds  of 
steamed  bone  meal  an  acre  until  1923,  when  the  total  application  of 
the  bone  meal  was  evened  up  to  4,800  pounds  an  acre  and  was  tem- 
porarily discontinued.  Potassium  was  applied  at  the  annual  rate  of 
100  pounds  an  acre  of  potassium  sulfate  until  1923.  At  that  time  the 
total  application  was  evened  up  to  2,500  pounds,  and  plans  were  made 
to  continue  the  application  at  the  normal  rate  only  on  the  south-west 
halves  of  the  plots.  In  1902  slaked  lime  at  the  acre  rate  of  475  pounds 
was  applied  to  the  limed  plots  and  in  1903  an  additional  2  tons  was  ap- 
plied to  these  plots.  No  more  lime  was  applied  until  1908,  after  which 
it  was  applied  regularly  at  the  annual  rate  of  500  pounds  of  limestone 
an  acre  to  the  northwest  halves  and  1,000  pounds  an  acre  to  the  south- 
east halves  of  these  plots.  In  1922  these  applications  were  temporarily 
discontinued  until  further  need  for  lime  appears.  Crop  residues  and 
cover  crops  were  regularly  plowed  down  on  the  residue  plots.  The 
return  of  the  wheat  straw  was  discontinued  in  1922.  From  1907  to 
1919  the  northeast  half  of  each  plot  was  subsoiled  when  the  ground 
was  plowed  for  corn. 


1926]  THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS  201 

Series  500,  600,  700,  and  800  were  originally  plotted  as  one  series 
of  six  plots  running  the  long  way  of  the  series  for  the  purpose  of 
studying  the  relative  value  of  various  carriers  of  phosphorus  used  in 
equal  money  values  on  limed  and  unlimed  land.  A  rotation  of  corn, 
oats,  and  three  years  of  clover-timothy  meadow  was  first  established 
on  this  series.  Cowpeas  were  seeded  in  the  corn  for  use  as  residues. 
The  phosphates  were  applied  at  the  annual  acre  rate  of  200  pounds  of 
steamed  bone  meal,  333  pounds  of  acid  phosphate,  666  pounds  of  rock 
phosphate,  and  250  pounds  of  slag  phosphate.  At  that  time  these 
amounts  were  of  equivalent  money  value.  The  first  application  of 
lime  was  at  the  acre  rate  of  l1/^  tons  to  the  southeast  halves;  subse- 
quent applications  were  at  the  annual  acre  rate  of  1,000  pounds. 
Potassium  at  the  annual  acre  rate  of  100  pounds  of  potassium  sulfate 
was  applied  to  all  plots.  These  applications  were  discontinued  in  1913. 

In  1922  this  land  was  replotted  into  the  present  Series  500,  600, 
700,  and  800.  Limestone  at  the  acre  rate  of  1  ton  was  applied  for  the 
first  time  to  the  originally  unlimed  areas.  No  more  limestone  will  be 
applied  to  these  plots  until  there  appears  to  be  further  need  for  it.  No 
limestone  was  applied  to  Series  700  and  800,  which  were  originally 
limed.  No  phosphates  have  been  applied  since  1919  and  no  further 
applications  will  be  made  for  an  indefinite  period.  For  the  time  being 
a  rotation  of  corn  and  wheat  with  a  sweet  clover  seeding  will  be  prac- 
ticed on  Series  500  and  600  and  repeated  on  Series  700  and  800. 

In  1905  seven  small  plots  were  laid  out  along  the  southeast  side 
of  the  field  to  test  the  value  of  sweet  clover  as  a  leguminous  green 
manure.  On  the  first  three  plots  a  rotation  of  corn,  cowpeas  or  soy- 
beans, and  wheat  has  been  practiced.  Sweet  clover  has  been  seeded 
in  both  the  corn  and  wheat  and  plowed  down  as  a  green  manure  for  the 
succeeding  crop.  On  the  next  four  plots  the  rotation  has  been  corn, 
cowpeas  or  soybeans,  wheat,  and  sweet  clover.  In  this  rotation  the 
sweet  clover  was  allowed  to  stand  over  the  second  year  for  use  as  a 
seed  crop.  The  sweet  clover  chaff  and  straw  have  been  returned  to  the 
plots  on  which  they  were  grown.  Limestone  and  bone  meal  have  been 
applied  to  these  plots  in  a  manner  similar  to  their  application  on  the 
larger  series. 


202 


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BULLETIN  No.  273 


[January, 


TABLE  73.— ODIN  FIELD:  SERIES  500,  600,  700,  800 
(Replotted  from  original  Series  500) 


Plot 

No. 


Soil  treatment  applied1 


1922 
Corn' 


1923 
Wheat' 


1924 
Corn 


501  LeLK(bP) 36.6  17.5  24.0 

502  LeLK 24.6  6.0  27.4 

503  LeLK(aP) 32.8  14.5  21.6 

504  LeLK(rP)...  32.6  13.3  29.2 

505  LeLK 21.2  6.2  23.6 

506  LeLK(sP) 30.2  16.0  42.4 

Oats'  Corn  Wheat 

601  LeLK(bP) 1.9  10.8  22.5 

602  LeLK 1.6  7.2  1.0 

603  LeLK(aP) 1.9  9.8  18.8 

604  LeLK(rP)...  1.9  8.8  10.8 

605  LeLK 1.9  10.2  .7 

606  LeLK(sP) 5.0  17.2  13.5 

Corn1  Wheat1  Corn 

701  LeLK(bP)...  20.4  24.7  24.4 

702  LeLK 20.0  24.2  28.0 

703  LeLK(aP) 19.8  19.8  33.8 

704  LeLK(rP)...  19.6  18.0  40.8 

705  LeLK 23.0  18.7  45.8 

706  LeLK(sP) 25,2  21.2  26.4 

Oats2  Corn  Wheat 

801  LeLK(bP)...  6.6  35.6  17.2 

802  LeLK 6.9  33.2  18.8 

803  LeLK(aP) 7.8  35.0  17.2 

804  LeLK(rP)....  7.5  28.8  18.3 

805  LeLK 10.6  29.2  15.8 

806  LeLK(sP) 7.5  29.0  21.7 


'On  all  series  potassium  and  phosphorus  are  residual.  All  plots  of  Series  700  and  800  have  received 
a  total  of  16,000  pounds  of  limestone  an  acre  since  1904,  and  no  more  lime  will  be  applied  on  these  plots 
until  the  sweet  clover  shows  its  need.  All  plots  on  Series  500  and  600  received  an  application  of  2000 
pounds  of  limestone  an  acre  in  1922,  and  future  applications  will  be  governed  by  the  growth  of  the  sweet 
clover  catch  crop.  'No  legume  treatment. 

TABLE  74.— ODIN  FIELD:     SWEET  CLOVER  PLOTS 

Bushels  or  (tons)  per  acre 


Year          Soil  treatment  applied 


Three-year  rotation 


Four-year  rotation 


Corn     Soybeans  Wheat       Corn     Soybeans  Wheat 


Sweet 
clover 


1906  RLbP. 

1907  RLbP. 

1908  RLbP. 

1909  RLbP. 

1910  RLbP. 

1911  RLbP. 

1912  RLbP. 

1913  RLbP. 

1914  RLbP. 

1915  RLbP. 

1916  RLbP. 

1917  RLbP. 

1918  RLbP. 

1919  RLbP. 

1920  RLbP. 

1921  RLbP. 

1922  RLbP. 

1923  RLbP. 

1924  RLbP. 


38.3 
46.8 
48.0 
24.4 
32.7 


.7 
3.9 


28.3 
24.0 
30.7 
23.3 


24.0 
51.5 
58.3 
39.2 


39.4*        41.3 


25.3  8.0 

54.4  11.1 
7.3  ..(') 
7.3  2.2 

42.0  1.7 


18.4 
14.0 
5.5 

.7         .  .  (3) 
54.7         19.4 


.6 
5.0 
3.3 


12.8 

..(2) 
22.7 
12.8 
27.8 

2.2 
10.0 
24.4 
32.8 


20.7 
19.7 
49.3 
47.3 


8.3  26.1 

7.2  17.2 

12.5  16.1 

(   .83)  11.1 


59.5 
68.4 
10.3 
2.0 
59.7 

19.8 
19.7 
2.6 

7.7 
66.7 

24.0 
22.3 

41.7 
61.7 


(1.60)1 

(1.39)i 

8.8 

1.5 

5.0 

7.1 
18.6 
3.9 
4.4 
1.7 

8.0 
11.1 

.8 

..(') 
21.1 

11.1 

6.4 

23.9 

13.9 


32.7  ..(5) 

30.0  . .(') 

27.7  ..(') 

25.5  ..(6) 

70. 3<  6.90 


17.2 
..(') 
40.8 
23.3 
24.7 

2.2 
39.2 
23.0 
26.7 

..(*; 

28.1 
35.3 
12.2 
11.7 


3.60 


.83 


2.78 
1.25 


1.94 

6.11 

3.42 

.36 

.83 


iCowpeas.     'Crop  failure.     'Crop  destroyed  by  grasshoppers. 
5Unthreshod  sweet  clover  plowed  down. 


4Oats  grown  as  a  substitute  crop. 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS  209 

OQUAWKA  FIELD,  HENDERSON  COUNTY 
ESTABLISHED  1915 

Location. — About  one  mile  northeast  of  Oquawka.  Chiefly  in  the 
N.W.  y±  of  the  N.W.  %,  Sec.  22,  Twp.  11  N.,  R.  5  W.  of  the  4th  P.  M. 

Description. — The  field  consists  of  20  acres  of  terrace  soil  of 
strong  acidity.  The  soil  is  mapped  chiefly  as  Dune  Sand,  Terrace 
(Plainfield  sand).  A  small  area  of  Brown  Sandy  Loam,  Terrace 
(Plainfield  sandy  loam)  is  present  on  the  north  side  of  the  field.  The 
general  topography  is  gently  rolling.  The  land  slopes  sharply  on  the 
north  side  of  the  field.  The  field  is  divided  into  six  series  of  10  fifth- 
acre  plots  each. 

History. — The  Oquawka  field  was  donated  by  Mr.  Alex  Moir  and 
others  to  the  University  for  experimental  purposes.  No  information  is 
at  hand  regarding  the  previous  history  of  the  field. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — A  rotation  of  corn,  soybeans, 
wheat,  sweet  clover,  and  rye  with  sweet  clover  seeded  on  the  residue 
plots  was  established  on  five  of  the  series,  with  alfalfa  on  the  sixth. 
The  alfalfa  is  allowed  to  remain  on  this  series  during  one  complete 
rotation  of  the  five  crops,  when  it  is  shifted  to  another  series.  Sand 
vetch  was  seeded  in  the  corn  on  the  residue  plots  until  1918,  at  which 
time  the  practice  was  discontinued.  The  soil  treatments  applied  on 
this  field  are  similar .  to  those  described  in  the  introduction.  The 
manure  application  is  divided,  a  portion  being  applied  ahead  of  the 
corn  and  another  portion  as  a  top  dressing  on  the  wheat. 


210 


BULLETIN  No.  273 


[January, 


Dune   Sand,  Terrace 
Plamfield   sand 

Brown  Sandy  Loam,  Terrace 
Plamfield   sandy   loam 


Contour   imer*ol-lfoct 


SOIL  MAT  OF  OQUAWKA  FIELD 


1926} 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


211 


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212 


BULLETIN  No.  273 


[January, 


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1926} 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


213 


PALESTINE  FIELD,  CRAWFORD  COUNTY 
ESTABLISHED  1919 

Location. — Just  south  of  the  Township  High  School  in  Palestine. 
A  part  of  the  S.W.  *4  of  the  S.W.  %,  Sec.  34,  Twp.  7  N.,  R.  11  W.  of 
the  2d  P.  M. 

Description. — The  field  consists  of  16  acres  of  terrace  soil  of 
strong  acidity.  Only  one  soil  type  has  been  mapped,  namely,  Brown 
Sandy  Loam,  Terrace  (Plainfield  sandy  loam).  The  topography  is 
undulating.  The  drainage  is  naturally  good  except  for  a  deep  hollow 
in  the  southwest  corner,  where  no  plots  are  laid.  The  field  is  divided 
into  five  series  of  10  tenth-acre  plots  each. 

History. — The  Palestine  field  was  donated  by  the  schools  of  Pal- 
estine township  to  the  University  for  experimental  purposes.  No  infor- 
mation is  at  hand  regarding  the  previous  history  of  the  field. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — A  rotation  of  corn,  soybeans,  rye, 
sweet  clover,  and  wheat  with  sweet  clover  seeded  on  the  residue  plots 
was  established  on  the  five  series.  The  soil  treatments  have  been  sim- 
ilar to  those  described  in  the  introduction. 


L    .1  n»nf«U   Mndy    him 


Contour  interval  -  1  tot 

SOIL  MAP  or  PALESTINC  FIELD 


214 


BULLETIN  No.  273 


[January, 


TABLE  76.— PALESTINE  FIELD:    SERIES  100-500 


Plot 
No. 

Soil  treatment  applied 

1920 
Corn1 

1921 
Soybeans1 

1922 
Rye 

1923 

Sweet 
clover 

1924 
Wheat 

101 
102 
103 
104 

105 

106 
107 
108 

109 
110 

0 

25  2 

6.3 
8.2 
8.5 
9.2 

7.8 
8.3 
9.8 
11.0 

9.8 

8.7 

9.8 
10.0 
11.1 
10.9 

9.3 
10.2 
10.5 
12.1 

11.8 
9.6 

0.00 
.10 
.41 
.38 

0.00 
0.00 
.13 
.31 

.41 
.10 

7.8 
10.2 
14.8 
16.7 

8.2 
9.3 
15.3 
17.8 

17.0 

7.7 

M   

25.2 

ML  

24.6 

MLrP        

21  2 

0     . 

21  2 

R  

22  2 

RL... 

22.6 

RLrP    

29  2 

RLrPK     . 

31  0 

0  

24  2 

Wheat1 

Corn         Soybeans 

Rye 

Sweet 
clover 

201 
202 
203 
204 

205 
206 
207 
208 

209 
210 

0.  .. 

6.8 

22.4               6.0 
21.0               7.7 
24.0              7.8 
22.2               7.2 

19.2               7.0 
20.4               7.2 
23.6               8.7 
19.8              7.7 

25.8               8.3 
19.8               6.0 

10.9 
12.1 
12.3 
12.7 

8.9 
9.3 
10.7 
11.8 

11.9 
10.5 

0.00 
0.00 
3.17 
1.83 

0.00 
.17 
4.00 
6.00 

6.17 
0.00 

M       

6  0 

ML  

68 

MLrP  

6.7 

0.  .  . 

4  7 

R     .   .                .... 

6  0 

RL  

62 

RLrP  

5.5 

RLrPK... 

50 

0  

4.5 

Soybeans1 

Wheat* 

Corn 

Soybeans 

Rye 

301 
302 
303 
304 

305 
306 
307 
308 

309 
310 

0.  .  . 

(1  01) 

11.7 

10.8 
9.8 

8.7 

8.2 
8.3 
11.3 
11.0 

9.7 
9.5 

26.0 
24.4 
26.4 
25.6 

13.8 

18.4 
33.0 
36.2 

37.4 
21.6 

20.2 
20.3 
23.5 
25.3 

16.0 
17.7 
26.5 
27.2 

27.5 
17.0 

13.2 
13.8 
14.3 
14.8 

10.4 
11.4 
15.3 
15.7 

15.9 
12.0 

M  

(     89) 

ML  

(1  00) 

MLrP  

...      (   .  87) 

0.  .  . 

5  7 

R       .         ... 

6  8 

RL  

10  2 

RLrP  

90 

RLrPK... 

9  0 

0  

...      (   .  90) 

Rye1 

Sweet 
clover1 

Wheat 

Corn 

Soybeans 

401 
402 
403  . 
404 

405 
406 
407 
408 

409 
410 

0.  .  . 

18  6 

0.00 
0  00 
.50 
1.50 

0.00 
0.00 
.33 
.17 

.83 
0.00 

25.0 
22.8 
20.7 
24.2 

18.0 
15.5 
22.2 
22.0 

23.3 
17.3 

15.4 
10.8 
5.6 
5.0 

9.0 
15.0 
12.0 
12.0 

12.2 
13.8 

(1.05) 
(1.10) 
(1.18) 
(1.28) 

(1.05) 
(1.10) 
(1.30) 
(1.33) 

(1.48) 
(1.03) 

M.., 

17  1 

ML  

13  9 

MLrP  

16  8 

0.  .  . 

15  0 

R  

13.0 

RL  

15  5 

RLrP  

15  7 

RLrPK.  .  . 

17  7 

0  

13  9 

Soybeans1 

Rye1 

Sweet 
clover 

Wheat 

Corn 

501 
502 
503 
504 

505 
506 
507 
508 

509 
510 

0.  .  . 

(    72) 

8.8 
8.9 
9.5 
11.4 

12.1 
10.7 
11.1 
10.0 

11.3 
9.6 

0.00 
0.00 
2.17 
2.50 

0.00 
0.00 
2.67  • 
2.50 

2.67 
0.00 

7.0 
9.5 
19.8 
25.0 

11.5 
12.2 
23.0 
25.6 

26.0 
6.3 

20.4 
26.2 
33.4 
38.2 

25.0 
27.0 
31.4 
32.6 

33.8 
25.0 

M  

...      (  .80) 

ML... 

(     85) 

MLrP  

...      (   .  80) 

0.  .  . 

5  0 

R... 

5  0 

RL.... 

62 

RLrP  

6.0 

RLrPK... 

6  3 

0... 

(   .83) 

'Minerals  only.     *No  manure. 


1926}  THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS  215 

PANA  FIELD,  CHRISTIAN  COUNTY 
ESTABLISHED  1912 — DISCONTINUED  1924 

Location. — About  a  mile  north  and  east  of  the  Illinois  Central  and 
Big  Four  passenger  station  at  Pana.  A  part  of  the  N.  */£  of  the  N.W. 
%,  Sec.  15,  Twp.  11  N.,  R.  1  E.  of  the  3d  P.  M. 

Description. — The  field  consisted  of  29.31  acres  of  dark-colored 
loessial  upland  soil  of  medium  to  strong  acidity.  Three  types  of  soil 
have  been  mapped  on  this  field:  (1)  Brown-Gray  Silt  Loam  On  Tight 
Clay  (Putnam  silt  loam) ;  (2)  Grayish  Brown  Silt  Loam  On  Tight 
Clay  (Grundy  silt  loam,  grayish  phase) ;  and  (3)  Brown  Silt  Loam 
On  Tight  Clay  (Grundy  silt  loam,  tight  phase).  The  land  is  gently 
rolling,  flattening  out  toward  the  west.  It  was  thoroly  tiled,  but 
did  not  drain  well  on  account  of  the  impervious  nature  of  the  sub- 
soil. The  field  was  divided  into  five  series,  each  of  which  contained 
16  fifth-acre  plots. 

History. — The  Pana  field  was  donated  by  the  late  Captain  Kitchell 
to  the  University  for  experimental  purposes.  Little  is  known  of  the 
previous  history  of  the  field  except  that  it  had  been  in  timothy  meadow 
before  1912. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — The  original  rotation  on  this  field 
was  corn,  oats,  clover,  and  wheat  on  four  series,  with  alfalfa  on  the 
fifth  series  during  one  complete  rotation  of  the  four  crops,  when  the 
alfalfa  was  changed  to  another  series.  The  soil  treatment  methods 
were  similar  to  those  described  in  the  introduction  except  that  the 
order  of  treatment  on  the  last  six  plots  was  varied  some.  These  methods 
were  followed  without  change  until  1921,  when  the  return  of  the  oat 
straw  was  discontinued.  In  1922  a  change  was  made  in  the  rotation. 
Owing  to  the  differences  in  soil  type  between  the  flatter  and  the  more 
rolling  parts  of  the  field,  corresponding  somewhat  to  the  land  occupied 
by  Series  100  and  200  on  the  one  hand,  and  to  that  occupied  by  Series 
300,  400,  and  500  on  the  other  hand,  it  seemed  advisable  to  plan  two 
distinct  rotations.  A  rotation  of  corn  and  wheat  was  planned  for  Series 
100  and  200,  and  a  rotation  of  corn,  oats,  and  wheat  for  the  other 
three  series.  No  manure  or  residues  were  returned  to  the  land  in  either 
rotation  since  the  change,  excepting  the  legume  residues  grown  for  the 
purpose.  Biennial  sweet  clover  was  seeded  in  the  wheat  on  all  plots  in 
both  rotations,  and  in  the  three-year  rotation  hubam  clover  was  seeded 
in  the  oats.  The  application  of  limestone  to  the  limed  plots  was  discon- 
tinued. A  single  application  at  the  acre  rate  of  2  tons  was  given  to 
Plots  2,  6,  11,  14,  and  16  of  all  series.  In  1923  the  phosphate  applica- 
tions were  evened  up  to  4  tons  an  acre. 


216 


BULLETIN  No.  273 


[January, 


"-•  a 

-LI 


1926] 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


217 


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220 


BULLETIN  No.  273 


[January, 


Location. — About  one-half  mile  south  of  Raleigh.  A  part  of  the 
S.  1/2  of  the  N.E.  14  of  the  N.W.  i/4,  Sec.  22,  Twp.  8  S.,  R.  6  E.  of 
the  3d  P.  M. 

Description. — The  field  consists  of  14  acres  of  light-colored  loes- 
sial  upland  soil  of  strong  acidity.  Four  distinct  soil  types  have  been 
mapped  on  the  field:  (1)  Gray  Silt  Loam  On  Orange  Mottled  Plastic 
Clay;  (2)  Yellow-Gray  Silt  Loam  On  Tight  Clay;  (3)  Gray  Silt  Loam 
On  Tight  Clay;  and  (4)  Deep  Gray  Silt  Loam.  The  land  is  gently 
rolling,  a  part  of  it  sloping  to  the  east  and  a  part  of  it  to  the  west. 
It  is  partially  tile-drained  and  drains  fairly  well  except  in  the  lower 
portions.  The  field  is  divided  into  four  series  of  10  fifth-acre  plots  each. 

History. — The  Raleigh  field  was  purchased  by  the  citizens  of 
Raleigh,  Galatia,  and  vicinity  and  donated  to  the  University  for 
experimental  purposes.  Little  is  known  of  the  previous  history  of 
the  field  except  that  in  1909  the  land  was  in  clover  which  grew  poorly. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — The  somewhat  standard  rotation 
and  soil  treatment  methods  described  in  the  introduction  were  estab- 
lished on  the  four  series.  These  methods  were  followed  without  change 
until  1920,  when  it  was  planned  to  harvest  all  clover  as  hay.  In  1922 
the  return  of  the  wheat  straw  was  discontinued  as  well  as  the  applica- 
tions of  limestone  until  such  a  time  as  it  appears  to  be  needed  again. 
In  1923  the  rock  phosphate  was  evened  up  to  41/4  tons  an  acre  and 
discontinued  for  an  indefinite  period. 


l-'.'j  Gr»»  SJt  Loam  O.  Or.ng.  Mottltd  W«t«  Cl.y        ticS  <i"Y  Silt  Loam  On  Tigtrt  O«r 
I I  Yellow-  (Jr.,  5,1,  Loam  On  Tght  Cl., 


''•'•]  Deep  Gray  Silt  Loftm 

SOIL  MAP  OF  RALEIGH 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


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§2 

1926}  THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS  223 

ROCKFORD  FIELD,  WINNEBAGO  COUNTY 
ESTABLISHED  1904 — DISCONTINUED  1919 

Location. — About  three  miles  northwest  of  Rockford  on  the  farm 
of  Mr.  George  F.  Tullock.  A  part  of  the  S.  %  of  the  S.W.  %,  Sec.  34, 
Twp.  45  N.,  R.  1  E.  of  the  3d  P.  M. 

Description. — The  field  contained  13  acres,  the  soil  of  which  was 
described  at  the  time  the  field  was  established  as  Sandy  Loam  Upland 
underlain  by  a  subsoil  containing  considerable  gravel.  The  land  is 
gently  rolling,  sloping  toward  the  east,  not  sufficiently  to  cause  wash- 
ing but  sufficiently  to  insure  good  surface  drainage.  The  field  was 
divided  into  four  series  of  20  tenth-acre  plots  each. 

History. — The  Rockford  field  was  leased  from  Mr.  George  F.  Tul- 
lock. For  a  number  of  years  previous  to  1904  the  land  had  been  farmed 
in  a  livestock  system  of  farming  in  which  more  or  less  manure  had 
been  used.  The  chief  crops  grown  on  the  land  were  corn,  oats,  and 
clover  and  timothy  meadows. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — The  rotation  established  on  this 
field  was  corn,  corn,  oats,  and  clover.  Soybeans  were  seeded  in  the 
corn  on  the  residue  plots  of  Series  100  and  300  and  cowpeas  on  Series 
200  and  400  for  use  as  residues.  These  cover  crops  were  also  seeded  on 
Plots  4,  9,  and  14  until  1914,  when  they  were  discontinued.  Beginning 
with  1914,  only  one  crop  of  clover  was  removed  as  hay,  the  second 
being  harvested  as  seed  in  order  to  furnish  comparison  with  Plots  3,  8, 
and  13,  from  which  two  crops  of  clover  hay  were  removed.  The  general 
soil  treatment  methods  were  similar  to  those  described  in  the  introduc- 
tion except  that  no  limestone  was  applied  until  1906.  At  that  time  1,300 
pounds  an  acre  was  applied.  No  further  applications  were  made  until 
1913,  in  which  year  and  thereafter  it  was  applied  regularly  at  the 
annual  acre  rate  of  %  ton.  Dried  blood  was  applied  to  Plot  19  at 
approximately  the  annual  rate  of  200  pounds  an  acre.  In  1916  the 
plot  was  divided,  dried  blood  being  applied  to  the  east  half  at  the 
usual  rate,  and  gluten  meal  to  the  west  half  at  the  annual  acre  rate 
of  376  pounds. 


224 


BULLETIN  No.  273 


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228  BULLETIN  No.  273  [January, 

SIBLEY  FIELD,  FORD  COUNTY 

ESTABLISHED  1902 — DISCONTINUED  1914 

Location. — About  one  mile  southeast  of  Sibley  on  land  owned  by 
the  Hiram  Sibley  estate.  A  part  of  the  S.W.  *4  of  the  S.W.  14  of  the 
S.E.  %,  Sec.  35,  Twp.  25  N.,  R.  7  E.  of  the  3d  P.  M. 

Description. — The  field  consisted  of  7l/2  acres  of  soil  described  at 
the  time  the  field  was  established  as  black  prairie  loam  underlain  by 
a  clay  subsoil.  A  strip  6  or  8  rods  wide  along  the  south  side  of  the 
field  and  a  strip  about  10  rods  wide  along  the  west  side  were  described 
as  consisting  of  lighter  soil  than  the  rest  of  the  field.  Several  ridges 
of  lighter  colored  soil  were  also  described  as  existing  in  other  parts  of 
the  field.  The  land  is  sufficiently  rolling  to  give  it  good  surface  drain- 
age. It  was  also  tiled.  The  field  was  divided  into  four  series  of  10 
tenth-acre  plots  each. 

History. — The  Sibley  field  was  leased  from  the  estate  of  Hiram 
Sibley.  Previous  to  1902  the  land  had  been  cropped  for  many  years 
with  corn  and  oats  under  a  tenant  system  of  farming. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — Series  100  was  cropped  with  a 
rotation  of  corn,  corn,  oats,  and  wheat  in  what  was  called  a  complete 
fertility  test.  Nitrogen  was  supplied  in  approximately  800  pounds  of 
dried  blood  annually,  potassium  in  100  pounds  of  potassium  sulfate, 
and  phosphorus  in  200  pounds  of  steam  bone  meal  an  acre.  Slaked  • 
lime  was  applied  at  the  acre  rate  of  295  pounds  in  the  beginning,  no 
further  applications  being  made. 

A  rotation  of  corn,  oats,  and  clover  was  established  on  Series  200, 
300,  and  400.  In  1905,  1906,  and  1907  manure  was  applied  at  the  acre 
rotation  rate  of  6  tons.  Thereafter  it  was  applied  in  proportion  to  the 
produce  grown.  Phosphorus  and  potassium  were  applied  similarly  to 
the  application  on  Series  100.  Legumes  were  seeded  in  the  corn  for 
green  manure  on  the  residue  plots  in  addition  to  the  other  residues 
produced  and  used. 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


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1926}  THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS  231 

SIDELL  FIELD,  VERMILION  COUNTY 
ESTABLISHED  1912 

Location. — About  one  mile  east  of  Sidell.  A  part  of  the  E.  ^  of 
the  S.E.  i/i,  Sec.  22,  Twp.  17  N.,  R.  13  W.  of  the  2d  P.  M. 

Description. — The  field  consists  of  20  acres  of  dark-colored  loes- 
sial  and  drift  upland  soils  of  slight  acidity.  Four  soil  types  have  been 
mapped  on  the  field:  (1)  Brown  Silt  Loam  (Muscatine  silt  loam) ; 

(2)  Black  Silty  Clay  Loam  On  Clay    (Grundy  silty   clay  loam) ; 

(3)  Brown  Silt  Loam  On  Drift,  light  phase   (Carrington  silt  loam, 
light  phase) ;  and  (4)  Black  Clay  Loam,  poorly  drained  phase  (Loes- 
sial  Clyde  clay  loam).  The  land  is  comparatively  level.  The  drainage 
is  good,  tho  tile  has  not  been  used.  The  field  is  divided  into  five  series 
of  10  fifth-acre  plots  each. 

History. — The  Sidell  field  was  purchased  by  the  citizens  of  Sidell 
and  vicinity  and  donated  to  the  University  for  experimental  purposes. 
Little  is  known  of  the  previous  history  of  the  field,  except  that  it  was 
in  oats  in  1911. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — The  somewhat  standard  rotation 
with  alfalfa  and  soil  treatment  methods  described  in  the  introduction 
were  established  on  the  five  series.  These  methods  were  followed  with- 
out change  until  1921,  when  it  was  planned  to  harvest  all  clover  as 
hay.  At  that  time  an  additional  plot,  designated  as  Plot  A,  was  added 
to  the  west  end  of  each  series.  In  1922  the  return  of  the  wheat  straw 
was  discontinued,  and  also  the  application  of  limestone  until  need  for 
it  becomes  apparent.  In  1923  the  rock  phosphate  was  evened  up  to  4 
tons  an  acre,  and  no  more  will  be  applied  for  an  indefinite  period. 


232 


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1926}  THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS  235 

SPARTA  FIELD,  RANDOLPH  COUNTY 
ESTABLISHED  1916 

Location. — Immediately  north  of  the  city  of  Sparta.  A  part  of 
the  S.E.  1/4  of  the  S.E.  V4,  Sec.  36  Twp.  4  S.,  R.  6  W.  of  the  3d  P.  M. 

Description. — The  field  consists  of  20  acres  of  light-colored  loes- 
sial  upland  soil  of  strong  acidity.  Four  soil  types  have  been  mapped 
on  the  field:  (1)  Light  Gray  Silt  Loam  On  Tight  Clay;  (2)  Yellow- 
Gray  Silt  Loam  On  Tight  Clay;  (3)  Yellow-Gray  Silt  Loam;  (4)  Deep 
Gray  Silt  Loam.  The  land  is  comparatively  level  on  part  of  the  field, 
somewhat  rolling  in  other  parts,  and  is  rough  in  the  southwest  corner. 
It  is  not  tile-drained  but  owing  to  its  rolling  nature  drains  fairly  well. 
The  field  is  divided  into  eight  series,  four  of  which  contain  10  tenth- 
acre  plots,  and  four  which  contain  6  tenth-acre  plots;  and  6  larger 
plots  known  as  Plots  A,  B,  C,  D,  E,  and  F. 

History. — The  Sparta  field  was  purchased  by  the  citizens  of 
Sparta  and  vicinity  and  donated  to  the  University  for  experimental 
purposes.  No  information  is  available  in  regard  to  the  previous  history 
of  the  field. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — A  rotation  of  corn,  soybeans, 
wheat,  and  clover,  chiefly  sweet  clover,  was  established  on  Series  100, 
200,  300,  and  400.  Until  1921  cowpeas  were  seeded  in  the  corn  as  a 
cover  crop  on  the  residue  plots.  Their  use  was  discontinued  at  that 
time.  The  soil  treatments  applied  have  been  similar  to  those  described 
in  the  introduction,  with  the  exception  that  the  initial  application  of 
limestone  was  at  the  acre  rate  of  5  tons.  In  1922  the  regular  applica- 
tions of  limestone  were  discontinued  until  the  need  for  more  becomes 
apparent. 

The  original  rotation  on  Series  500,  600,  700,  and  800  was  pota- 
toes, wheat,  and  clover  on  three  series,  while  alfalfa  grew  on  the  fourth 
series  for  six  years,  after  which  it  was  shifted.  The  soil  treatment  has 
been  similar  to  that  on  the  first  four  series.  In  1921  the  rotation  was 
changed  to  wheat,  oats,  sweet  clover,  potatoes,  with  sweet  clover  seeded 
on  all  wheat  plots.  In  1922  the  regular  applications  of  limestone  were 
discontinued  until  again  needed.  In  1924  the  rotation  was  changed  to 
one  of  corn,  cowpeas,  clover-timothy  mixture,  and  wheat,  with  sweet 
clover  seeded  on  all  wheat  plots  for  use  as  a  green  manure  for  corn. 

The  original  rotation  on  Plots  A,  B,  C,  and  D  was  wheat,  winter 
oats,  and  sweet  clover  on  three  of  them,  while  alfalfa  was  grown  on 
the  fourth  for  four  years.  In  1921  spring  oats  were  substituted  for 
the  winter  oats.  The  soil  treatment  methods  have  been  similar  to 
those  on  the  other  plots  of  the  field.  The  regular  applications  of  lime- 
stone were  discontinued  in  1922. 

Plots  E  and  F  were  laid  out  in  1920  and  limestone  applied  at  the 
acre  rate  of  5  tons.  No  definite  cropping  system  has  been  planned  for 
these  plots;  thus  far  they  have  been  used  for  wheat  and  sweet  clover. 


236 


BULLETIN  No.  273 


[January, 


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THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


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1926]  THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS  241 

SPRING  VALLEY  FIELD,  BUREAU  COUNTY 
ESTABLISHED  1915 

Location. — About  one-half  mile  west  of  Spring  Valley.  A  part  of 
the  W.  1/2  of  the  S.W.  %,  Sec.  34,  Twp.  16  N.,  R.  11  E.  of  the  4th  P.  M. 

Description. — The  field  consists  of  17  acres  of  dark-  and  light- 
colored  loessial  soils  of  various  degrees  of  acidity.  The  field  is  located 
on  an  area  the  character  of  which  has  been  influenced  to  an  observable 
extent  by  both  timber  and  prairie  vegetation.  It  is  not  considered 
representative  of  any  considerable  area  in  the  state.  Four  soil  types 
have  been  mapped  on  the  field:  (1)  Black  Clay  Loam,  poorly 
drained  phase  (Loessial  Clyde  clay  loam) ;  (2)  Deep  Dark  Brown  Silt 
Loam  (Bremer  silt  loam) ;  (3)  Brown  Silt  Loam  (Muscatine  silt 
loam) ;  and  (4)  Brownish  Yellow-Gray  Silt  Loam  (Clinton  silt  loam). 
The  land  is  more  or  less  rolling,  sloping  sharply  to  the  north  and  south 
with  a  tendency  to  wash  on  some  of  the  unplotted  land.  It  is  tile- 
drained  and  drains  well  except  in  some  of  the  low  spots.  The  field  is 
divided  into  eight  series,  four  of  which  contain  12  tenth-acre  plots 
each  and  four  which  contain  4  tenth-acre  plots  each. 

History. — The  Spring  Valley  field  was  donated  by  the  Hall  Town- 
ship High  School  to  the  University  for  experimental  purposes.  Little 
is  known  concerning  the  previous  history  of  the  field  except  that  oats 
and  some  timothy  were  grown  on  it  in  1914. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — The  somewhat  standard  rotation 
and  soil  treatment  methods  described  in  the  introduction  were  estab- 
lished on  Series  100,  200,  300,  and  400.  In  1917  Plots  A  and  B  were 
added  to  each  series.  Plot  A  has  received  acid  phosphate  at  the 
annual  acre  rate  of  200  pounds  applied  twice  in  the  rotation,  and  Plot 
B  has  received  rock  phosphate  ground  to  a  fineness  of  200  mesh,  at  the 
annual  acre  rate  of  400  pounds  applied  once  in  the  rotation.  These 
methods  were  followed  without  change  until  1918,  when  it  was  planned 
to  harvest  the  clover  hay  as  well  as  the  seed  crop  on  the  residue  plots. 
Beginning  in  1921  all  clover  has  been  harvested  as  hay  and  the  return 
of  oat  straw  was  discontinued.  In  1922  the  return  of  the  wheat  straw 
was  discontinued  as  well  as  the  regular  applications  of  limestone. 
Future  applications  of  limestone  will  be  made  when  needed. 

On  Series  500,  600,  700,  and  800  a  rotation  of  corn,  corn,  and  oats 
was  established  on  three  of  the  series,  with  alfalfa  on  the  fourth  for  a 
period  of  four  years.  Sweet  clover  has  been  seeded  in  the  oats  on  Plots 
2,  3,  and  4  for  use  as  a  green  manure  for  the  corn.  The  soil  treatments 
given  these  plots  have  been  similar  to  those  described  in  the  introduc- 
tion with  the  exception  that  the  cornstalks  from  the  first  corn  crop  are 
plowed  down  on  Plots  2,  3,  and  4.  In  1921  the  manure  was  discon- 
tinued and  in  1922  the  limestone  was  discontinued. 


242 


BULLETIN  No.  273 


[January, 


19S6] 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


243 


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244 


BULLETIN  No.  273 


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1926} 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


245 


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at  the  rate 

246  BULLETIN  No.  273  [January, 

TAMPICO  FIELD,  WHITESIDE  COUNTY 
ESTABLISHED  IN  1902 — DISCONTINUED  1904 

Location. — About  five  miles  northeast  of  Tampico  on  the  farm  of 
Mr.  J.  H.  Milligan.  A  part  of  the  N.  side  of  the  N.E.  %  of  the  S.W. 
14,  Sec.  6,  Twp.  19  N.,  R.  7  E.  of  the  4th  P.  M. 

Description. — The  field  consisted  of  about  one  acre  of  land  div- 
ided into  10  tenth-acre  plots.  The  soil  was  described  as  black  peaty 
material  rich  in  organic  matter  to  a  depth  of  16  inches.  Between  16 
and  30  inches  the  material  was  lighter  in  color  and  sandy  with  little 
organic  matter.  Corn  was  grown  continuously  in  what  was  called  a 
complete  fertilizer  test.  Nitrogen  was  supplied  in  800  pounds  of  dried 
blood,  phosphorus  in  200  pounds  of  steamed  bone  meal,  and  potassium 
in  160  pounds  of  potassium  sulfate  an  acre  each  year.  Slaked  lime 
was  applied  at  the  acre  rate  of  450  pounds  in  1902. 


TABLE  88.— TAMPICO  FIELD:  SPECIAL  FERTILITY  TEST,  SERIES  100 

Bushels  per  acre 


Plot 
No. 

Soil  treatment  applied 

1902 
Corn 

1903 
Corn 

1904 
Corn 

101 

None  

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

102 

Lime  (and  K  after  2  years)  

0.0 

0.0 

26.  91 

103 

Lime  nitrogen  

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

104 

Lime  bone  meal  

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

105 

Lime  potassium  

34.1 

45.4 

45.2 

106 

Lima  nitrogen,  bone  meal   

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

107 

Lime   nitrogen,  potassium  

37.6 

58.7 

44.1 

108 

35  3 

46  8 

43.0 

109 

Lime,  nitrogen,  bone  meal,  potassium  

56.5 

65.9 

44.0 

110 

Nitroeen.  notassium.  bone  meal.  .  . 

49.4 

58.6 

35.6' 

'125  pounds  potassium  sulfate  per  acre  was  applied  to  Plot  102  in  1904. 
to  Plot  110  in  1904. 


2  No  potassium-  was  applied 


1926}  THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS  247 

TOLEDO  FIELD,  CUMBERLAND  COUNTY 
ESTABLISHED  1913 

Location. — About  one-half  mile  south  of  the  courthouse  in  Toledo. 
A  part  of  the  S.  side  of  the  N.E.  %  of  the  S.E.  %,  Sec.  31,  Twp.  10  N., 
R.  9  E.  of  the  3d  P.  M. 

'Description. — The  field  consists  of  17  acres  of  light-colored  loessial 
upland  soil  of  strong  acidity.  Only  one  soil  type  has  been  mapped  on 
the  field,  namely,  Gray  Silt  Loam  On  Tight  Clay.  The  land  is  almost 
level.  A  part  of  the  field  is  tile-drained  but,  owing  to  the  impervious 
nature  of  the  subsoil,  does  not  drain  well.  The  field  is  divided  into 
eight  series,  four  of  which  contain  10  fifth-acre  plots  each  and  four 
which  contain  4  tenth-acre  plots  each. 

History. — The  Toledo  field  was  purchased  by  Cumberland  county 
and  donated  to  the  University  for  experimental  purposes.  Little  is 
known  of  the  previous  history  of  the  field,  except  that  it  had  been  in 
timothy  and  redtop  sod  in  1912. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — The  somewhat  standard  rotation 
and  soil  treatment  methods  described  in  the  introduction  were  estab- 
lished on  Series  100,  200,  300,  and  400.  Series  100  and  200  were  tile- 
drained  in  1918,  while  the  rest  of  the  field  was  left  untiled.  Cowpeas 
were  seeded  in  the  corn  at  the  last  cultivation  on  the  residue  plots 
until  1921,  when  this  practice  was  abandoned.  In  1922  sweet  clover 
was  substituted  for  the  regular  clover  crop  and  at  that  time  the  regular 
application  of  limestone  was  discontinued,  until  further  need  for  it 
becomes  apparent.  In  1923  the  return  of  the  wheat  straw  was  dis- 
continued. 

On  Series  500,  600,  700,  and  800  a  rotation  of  corn,  soybeans, 
wheat,  and  sweet  clover  was  established  with  a  view  of  comparing  the 
effects  of  subsoiling,  deep  tillage,  and  subsoil  dynamiting,  with  that  of 
ordinary  plowing.  The  sweet  clover  stubble  was  plowed  late  in  the 
fall  for  corn.  Rock  phosphate  at  the  acre  rate  of  1  ton  was  applied  to 
all  plots  in  1914  and  again  in  the  fall  of  1918.  Limestone  at  the  acre 
rate  of  4  tons  was  applied  to  all  plots  in  1913,  at  the  rate  of  3  tons  in 
1917,  and  2  tons  in  1921. 

In  plowing  the  land  for  corn,  Plot  1  on  all  series  was  plowed  at  an 
average  depth  of  7  inches,  Plot  2  was  subsoiled  14  inches  deep,  Plot  3 
was  deep-tilled  14  inches,  and  Plot  4  was  dynamited.  The  subsoiling, 
deep  tilling,  and  dynamiting  was  done  in  the  late  fall  preceding  the 
corn  crop.1  These  experiments  were  discontinued  in  1922.  Since  that 
time  the  land  has  been  used  for  crop  variety  studies. 


*For  more  complete   information   concerning  this  work,   see   Bulletin  258, 
entitled  "Experiments  with  Subsoiling,  Deep  Tilling  and  Subsoil  Dynamiting." 


248 


BULLETIN  No.  273 


[January, 


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252  BULLETIN  No.  273  [January, 

UNION  GROVE  FIELD,  WHITESIDE  COUNTY 
ESTABLISHED  1907 — DISCONTINUED  1923 

Location. — About  la/2  miles  northwest  of  Union  Grove,  on  the 
farm  of  Mr.  A.  N.  Abbott.  The  N.  V2  of  the  N.E.  1/4  of  the  N.E.  1/4, 
Sec.  5,  Twp.  21  N.,  R.  4  E.  of  the  4th  P.  M. 

Description. — The  field  consisted  of  19  acres  of  dark-colored  soil 
of  medium  acidity  described,  at  the  time  the  field  was  established,  as  a 
brown  silt  loam  over  sandy  loess.  The  land  was  comparatively  level 
and  drained  well  without  the  use  of  tile.  The  field  was  divided  into 
five  series,  two  of  which  contained  20  fifth-acre  plots  each,  and  three 
of  which  contained  4  fifth-acre  plots. 

History. — The  Union  Grove  field  was  leased  from  Mr.  A.  N. 
Abbott.  Previous  to  the  establishment  of  the  field,  the  land  had  been 
farmed  under  a  general  system  of  livestock  and  grain  farming.  In 
1906  the  land  was  in  oats  with  clover  seeding. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — A  rotation  of  corn,  corn,  oats  or 
barley,  and  clover  was  established  on  Series  100  and  200.  The  soil 
treatments  were  similar  to  those  described  in  the  introduction  except 
that  potassium  was  supplied  in  100  pounds  of  potassium  sulfate  an 
acre  a  year  and  commercial  nitrogen  in  the  form  of  dried  blood  was 
supplied  annually  to  Plot  19  at  the  rate  of  200  pounds  an  acre.  In 
1916  the  plot  was  divided,  dried  blood  being  applied  to  the  east  half 
and  gluten  meal  at  the  annual  acre  rate  of  376  pounds  to  the  west  half. 

In  1919  it  was  planned  to  harvest  the  first  crop  of  clover  as  hay 
on  all  plots  and  the  second  crop  as  seed  on  the  residue  plots.  The 
limestone  applications  were  discontinued  in  1920.  Beginning  in  1921 
all  clover  was  harvested  as  hay  and  the  return  of  the  straws  discon- 
tinued. In  1922  the  application  of  manure  was  discontinued  on  Plot  4, 
as  was  also  the  application  of  phosphate  to  Plots  9  and  14. 

Series  300,  400,  and  500  were  plotted  in  1913  and  discontinued  in 
1919.  A  nine-year  rotation  of  potatoes  and  alfalfa  was  established  on 
them,  the  potatoes  growing  three  years  on  a  given  series  and  the 
alfalfa  six  years.  The  soil  treatment  methods  were  similar  to  those  on 
the  larger  series  except  that  15  tons  of  manure  an  acre  was  applied  for 
each  potato  crop. 


1926} 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


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»No  manure.  'All  plots  harvested  together;  the  yield  was  5.5 

256  BULLETIN  No.  273  [January, 

UNIONVILLE  FIELD,  MASSAC  COUNTY 
ESTABLISHED  1911 

Location. — Immediately  north  of  Unionville  and  about  five  miles 
east  of  Brookport.  A  part  of  the  south  side  of  the  N.W.  l/±  of  the 
N.W.  i/4,  Sec.  15,  Twp.  16  S.,  R.  6  E.  of  the  3d  P.  M. 

Description. — The  field  consists  of  241/2  acres  of  light-colored 
loessial  upland  soil  of  strong  acidity.  Three  soil  types  have  been 
mapped  on  this  field:  (1)  Yellow-Gray  Silt  Loam,  deep  phase; 
(2)  Yellow  Silt  Loam;  and  (3)  Yellow-Gray  Silt  Loam.  The  prevailing 
type  on  this  field  is  tentatively  classified  as  Yellow-Gray  Silt  Loam. 
The  land  is  undulating  in  topography.  It  is  thoroly  tile-drained  and 
drains  fairly  well.  The  field  is  divided  into  eight  series,  four  of  which 
contain  10  fifth-acre  plots  each,  and  four  which  contain  8  fifth-acre 
plots  each. 

History. — The  Unionville  field  was  purchased  by  citizens  of  Mas- 
sac  county  and  the  southern  part  of  Pope  county,  and  donated  to  the 
University  for  experimental  purposes.  Little  is  known  of  the  previous 
history  of  the  field  except  that  it  was  in  wheat  and  rye  in  1910. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — A  rotation  of  corn,  cowpeas, 
wheat,  and  cotton  was  originally  established  on  Series  100,  200,  300, 
and  400.  Sweet  clover  was  seeded  in  the  wheat  residue  plots  and  cow- 
peas  on  the  same  plots  in  the  corn  for  use  as  green  manure  and  resi- 
dues. The  soil  treatments  given  these  series  were  similar  to  those 
described  in  the  introduction.  In  1920  the  seeding  of  cowpeas  in  the 
corn  was  discontinued.  In  1922  the  rotation  was  changed  to  corn,  rye, 
cowpeas,  and  wheat,  with  the  sweet  clover  seeding  continued  on  the 
residue  plots.  In  1924  the  rotation  was  changed  to  one  of  corn,  cotton, 
cowpeas,  and  wheat,  with  the  sweet  clover  seeding  on  the  residue  plots. 
At  this  time  the  rock  phosphate  applications  were  evened  up  to  4  tons 
an  acre,  and  no  more  will  be  applied  for  an  indefinite  period. 

The  original  rotation  established  on  Series  500,  600,  700,  and  800 
was  wheat,  clover,  and  potatoes  on  three  of  them,  while  alfalfa  grew 
on  the  fourth  for  four  years,  after  which  it  was  changed.  From  1917  to 
1922  winter  oats  displaced  wheat  in  the  rotation.  In  1923  the  rotation 
was  changed  to  corn,  soybeans,  timothy-clover  hay,  and  wheat  with 
sweet  clover  seeded  on  the  residue  plots  for  use  as  residues.  Until  1918 
only  Plots  2,  3,  and  4  of  these  series  received  soil  treatment.  The  rates 
and  methods  of  applying  these  treatments  were  similar  to  those  on  the 
larger  series.  In  1919  on  Series  700  and  in  1920  on  the  other  series, 
Plots  5,  6,  and  7  were  also  given  soil  treatment.  Plot  5  was  treated 
like  Plot  4  except  that  potash  shale  at  the  annual  acre  rate  of  500 
pounds  was  applied  instead  of  kainit  at  the  rate  of  200  pounds.  (Some 
of  the  potash  applications  on  Plot  4  were  made  with  Nebraska  potash 
salts,  which  carry  the  potassium  mainly  as  carbonate.)  Plot  6  has 


1926] 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


257 


been  treated  like  Plot  3  except  that  common  salt  (sodium  chlorid)  has 
been  applied  at  the  annual  acre  rate  of  200  pounds  in  addition  to  the 
other  treatments.  Plot  7  has  been  treated  like  Plot  3  except  that 
Nebraska  potash  salts  at  the  annual  acre  rate  of  87  pounds  has  been 
applied  in  addition  to  the  other  treatments.  The  first  application  of 
the  shale  was  made  in  1922.  At  that  time  the  application  of  limestone 
were  discontinued. 


IS-'i    Vellow-Qny  Silt   L»m,  J..p   phi 


|    V.llow-Gr.y   S.It  Loim 

SOIL  MAP  OF  UNIONVILLE  FIELD 


258 


BULLETIN  No.  273 


[January, 


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1926} 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


259 


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THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


261 


TABLE  95— UNIONVILLE  FIELD:    SERIES  500,  600,  700,  800  (1920-1924) 

Bushels  or  (tons)  per  acre 


Plot 
No. 

Soil  treatment  applied 

1920 
Potatoes1 

1921 

Winter 
oats 

1922 
Corn 

1923 
Soy- 
beans 

1924 
Timo- 
thy 

501 

0.  .  . 

.8 

13.3 

15.2 

10.7 

(  -29) 

502 

MLrP  

10  9 

50.3 

51.5 

32.0 

(3.01) 

503 

RLrP  

1.5 

20.6 

48.9 

27.3 

(2.16) 

504 

RLrPK  (Kainit)  

1.7 

22.5 

43.7 

31.8 

(2.03) 

505 

RLrP,  Shale  

.7 

16.9 

40.8 

22.6 

(1  .  38) 

506 

RLrP,  Common  salt  

1.4 

22.5 

43.2 

21.4 

(1.55) 

507 

RLrPK  (Omaha  salt;  

1.1 

23.9 

45.4 

25.4 

(1.90) 

508 

0  

4 

16.4 

17.1 

13.0 

(  .59) 

Soy- 
beans1 

Potatoes 

Winter 
oats 

Corn 

Soy- 
beans 

601 

0.  .  . 

.    (  .62) 

12.1 

31.1 

18.1 

4.4 

602 

MLrP 

(1  53) 

28  1 

25.3 

49  5 

18.3 

603 

RLrP  

8.9 

10.8 

41.9 

33.4 

15.2 

604 

RLrPK  (Kainit)  

11.5 

8.8 

44.2 

38.4 

18.5 

605 

RLrP,  Shale  

5.6 

13.0 

37.8 

42.8 

17.3 

606 

RLrP,  Common  salt  

9.0 

12.8 

37.8 

48.2 

16.4 

607 

RLrPK  (Omaha  salt)  

9.7 

17.4 

38.4 

47.5 

14.8 

608 

0  

7.1 

13.9 

35.0 

32.7 

7.8 

Alfalfai 

Alfalfa* 

Alfalfa 

Wheat 

Corn 

701 

0  « 

(0  00) 

(    49) 

8  3 

15.6 

702 

MLrP... 

(3  49) 

(3  36) 

34  3 

47.2 

703 

RLrP  

(3.11) 

(1.60) 

25.5 

47.5 

704 

705 

706 
707 
708 

RLrPK  (Kainit)  

RLrP,  Shale  
RLrP,  Common  salt  
RLrPK  (Omaha  salt)  
0  

(3.52) 

(1.87) 
(1.97) 
(2.81) 
(0  00) 

'.'.'.'. 

(2.21) 

(1.58) 
(1.80) 
(1.84) 
(   .49) 

26.6 

21.8 
21.6 
20.0 
7  5 

54.2 

45.4 
47.2 
44.7 
18  3 

Winter 
oats1 

Clover 

Soy- 
beans 

Timothy 

Wheat 

801 

0.  .. 

1  6 

(0  00) 

(  .06) 

(1.41) 

8.5 

802 

MLrP  

35.  1 

(1.42) 

(0.00) 

(3.13) 

27.2 

803 

RLrP  

24  7 

(1  31) 

(     49) 

(2  63) 

21  9 

804 

RLrPK  (Kainit)  

35.8 

(1.38) 

(  .57) 

(2.83) 

24.3 

805 

RLrP,  Shale  

0.0 

(  .63) 

(  .23) 

(2.00) 

12.5 

806 
807 

RLrP,  Common  salt  
RLrPK  (Omaha  salt)  

0.0 
00 

(  .58) 
(  .63) 

(  -24) 
(  -22) 

(1.85) 
(1.78) 

8.8 
7.9 

808 

0... 

0.0 

(  .25) 

(   .20) 

(1.55) 

8.8 

»No  shale.     'Alfalfa  winterkilled  in  1921. 


262  BULLETIN  No.  273  [January, 

URBANA  FIELD,  MORROW  PLOTS,  CHAMPAIGN  COUNTY 

ESTABLISHED  18761 

Location. — University  campus,  just  a  few  rods  north  of  the  New 
Agricultural  Building. 

Description. — The  Morrow  Plots  consist  of  three  main  plots  each 
divided  into  4  twentieth-acre  plots.  The  soil  is  classified  as  Brown 
Silt  Loam  (Muscatine  silt  loam),  and  is  of  medium  acidity.  The 
land  is  gently  undulating  and  is  drained  by  tile  placed  across  the 
center  of  each  main  plot.  The  drainage  is  good. 

History. — So  far  as  is  known,  the  Morrow  Plots  are  the  oldest 
experimental  plots  in  America.  The  plots  were  named  for  Professor 
George  E.  Morrow,  who  was  Professor  of  Agriculture  for  many  years 
in  the  early  history  of  the  Experiment  Station.  No  information  is 
available  in  regard  to  the  previous  history  of  this  field. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — The  present  Morrow  Plots  origi- 
nally existed  as  three  plots  of  a  larger  series  containing  a  half-acre 
each  and  were  known  as  Plots  3,  4,  and  5.  Corn  was  grown  continu- 
ously on  Plot  3 ;  corn  and  oats  alternately  on  Plot  4 ;  and  corn  2  years, 
oats  1  year,  meadow  (clover,  timothy,  or  both)  3  years  on  Plot  5.  No 
manure  or  commercial  fertilizers  of  any  kind  were  used  on  these  three 
plots.  After  the  Experiment  Station  was  established  in  1888,  these 
cropping  plans  were  continued  with  the  exception  that  the  rotation  on 
Plot  5  was  change  to  the  simpler  three-year  rotation  of  corn,  oats,  and 
clover. 

In  1904  the  three  plots  were  divided  into  halves  and  the  halves 
subdivided  into  quarters,  according  to  the  arrangement  indicated  by 
the  following  map.  The  cropping  plans  have  been  continued.  On  all 
plots  the  two  north  quarters  have  received  no  soil  treatments.  All  thj? 
vegetation  produced  on  them  has  been  removed.  The  two  south  quar- 
ters on  each  plot,  however,  have  received  soil  treatment  since  1904. 
Manure  has  been  applied  for  the  corn  crop  on  these  plots  in  proportion 
to  the  total  produce  grown  on  them.  Until  1919  rock  phosphate  was  ap- 
plied to  the  west  quarter  at  the  annual  acre  rate  of  600  pounds,  and  bone 
meal  to  the  east  quarter  at  the  annual  acre  rate  of  200  pounds.  At  that 
time  the  total  application  of  rock  phosphate  on  the  west  quarters  was 
evened  up  to  four  times  the  amount  of  bone  meal  used  on  the  east 
quarters.  Since  this  time  the  two  phosphates  have  been  applied  in 
this  ratio.  In  1925  the  bone  meal  was  evened  up  to  a  total  of  3,300 
pounds  an  acre  and  the  rock  phosphate  to  a  total  of  13,200  pounds. 


JIt  appears  from  the  early  bulletins  of  the  Experiment  Station  that  work 
actually  began  on  these  plots  in  1876,  altho  according  to  the  published  records 
of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  University  official  sanction  was  first  given  these 
experiments  in  1879. 


1926} 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


263 


No  more  will  be  applied  for  an  indefinite  time.  In  1904  limestone  at 
the  acre  rate  of  1,700  pounds  was  applied  to  the  south  quarters  of  all 
plots.  In  1919  it  was  again  applied  at  the  acre  rate  of  5  tons.  No 
more  has  been  applied  since.  From  1903  to  1920  legumes  (cowpeas, 
vetch,  or  clovers,  including  sweet  clover)  were  seeded  in  the  corn  at 
the  last  cultivation  on  the  south  quarters  of  all  plots.  Legumes  have 
been  seeded  in  the  oats  on  the  two  south  quarters  of  the  two-year 
rotation  since  1904  for  use  as  a  green  manure  for  the  following  corn 
crop.  Red  clover  was  the  principal  legume  until  1918.  Since  that 
time  sweet  clover  has  been  consistently  used. 


\ 

3NW 
0 

3  MB 
0  \ 

-    —    —  — 

—    —     -^  — 

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ML  rP 

3SE  \ 
MLkP\ 

^f 

4  NW 
1  <P 

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\ 

Contour  interval -1  foot 

Brown  Silt  Loam 
Muscatine  silt  loam 

Scale 


SOIL  MAP  OF 
MOP,KOW  PLOTS 


264  BULLETIN  No.  273  [January, 


TABLE  96.— URBANA  FIELD,  MORROW  PLOTS 

(1879-1912) 

Bushels  or  (tons)  per  acre 


Corn 

every 

Two-year  rotation 

Three-year  rotation 

Years 

Soil  treatment  applied 

Corn 

Corn 

Oats 

Corn 

Oats           Clover 

1879-87 

None  

1888 

None  

54.3 

49.5 

48.6 

1889 

None  

43.2 

37.4 

(4.04) 

1890 

None  

48.7 

54.3 

(1.51) 

1891 

None  

28.6 

33.2 

(1.46) 

1892 

None  

33.1 

37.2 

70.2 

1893 

None  

21.7 

29.6 

34.1 

1894 

None  

34.8 

57.2 

65.1 

1895 

None  

42.2 

41.6 

22.2                  

18961 

None  

6O     9 

34.5 

18971 

None  

40.1 

47.0 

1898s 

None  

18.1 

1899 

None  

50.1 

44.4 

53.5 

190Q1 

None  

48.0 

41.5 

1901 

None  

23.7 

33.7 

34.3 

1902 

None  

60.2 

56.3 

54.6 

1903 

None  

26.0 

35.9 

(1.11) 

1904 

0.  .. 

21.1 

17.5 

51.4 

MLrP  

16.1 

22.5 

76.4 

0  

22.5 

17.5 

67.1 

MLbP  

19.3 

28.1 

81.4 

1905 

0... 

22.5 

48.0 

35.6 

MLrP  

26.8 

40.0 

45.0                  

0  

27.0 

52.0 

49.0                  

MLbP  

36.0 

49.8 

56.2                  

1906 

0... 

25.3 

30.6 

(1.36)3 

MLrP  

32.5 

44.3 

(1.88)3 

0  

28.9 

38.7 

(1.49)' 

MLbP  

39.1 

60.6 

(1.60)3 

1907 

0.  .. 

28.5 

43.9 

77.4 

MLrP  

40.8 

81.4 

91.4 

0  

29.4 

51.7 

83.6 

MLbP  

56.5 

93.8 

95.8 

1908 

0... 

10.9 

31.9 

38.8 

MLrP  

24.8 

46.9 

43.8                  

0  

15.9 

33.8 

41.3                  

MLbP  

31.1 

43.1 

45.0 

1909 

0... 

26.4 

31.6 

(   .40) 

52 

MLrP  

30.4 

60.4 

....        (1.72)        1. 

17 

0  

26.8 

34.4 

(   .90) 

75 

MLbP  

32.8 

69.2 

....        (1.75)        1. 

17 

1910 

0... 

32.6 

31.3 

52.3 

Ik''  ' 

MLrP  

48.9 

51.9 

78.3 

f'  '• 

0  

39.1 

36.3 

64.9 

f?!-X^ 

MLbP  

60.3 

66.9 

88.3 

1911  n 

0.  .. 

20.7 

26.6 

16.0                 

MLrP  

29.0 

44.4 

37.8 

0  

23.0 

30.6 

25.1                  

MLbP  

34.0 

48.2 

38.2                  

1912 

0.  .. 

40.0 

52.8 

(1.20)4 

MLrP  

64.4 

81.2 

(1.85)* 

0  

46.4 

57.1 

(1.50)* 

MLbP  

64.0 

80.9 

(1.55)* 

For  footnotes,  see  page  following. 


1926} 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


265 


TABLE  96. — Concluded 
(1913-1924) 

Bushels  or  (tons)  per  acre 


Years         Soil  treatment  applied 


Corn 

every  Two-year  rotation 

year     • 

Corn  Corn        Oats 


Three-year  rotation 


Corn        Oats 


Clover 


1913  0 17.6  26.8         29.6         

MLrP 32.4  22.0          45.2          

0 21.2  31.6          38.0          

MLbP 31.6  28.0         50.4         

1914  0 28.8         32.9                        33.9 

MLrP 37.2         56.9         58.9 

0 34.4          34.2          45.3  

MLbP 41.6         59.6         62.0  

1915  0...                                              .37.6  48.0  (1.75)* 

MLrP 62.8  80.8          (1.99)4 

0..... 42.4  50.0          (1.94)« 

MLbP 69.2  81.6         (1.94)« 

1916  0 10.8  33.8        26.8 

MLrP 9.6          62.5         37.6          

0 11.6          41.2         28.8          

MLbP 12.0         66.9        43.6         

1917  0 40.8  44.4  59.4 

MLrP : 60.4  77.6         82.5  

0 39.2  52.4          77.5  

MLbP 73.6  85.2         91.2  

1918  0 13.2  25.6  (2.37) 

MLrP 29.6          53.1          (4.05) 

0 14.0          28.8          (2.79) 

MLbP 35.6         65.6         (4.04) 

1919  0 21.6  30.0  51.6 

MLrP 41.2  65.6          69.2          

0 26.4  31.6          52.8          

MLbP 45.6  66.8         72.4         

1920  0 26.8  36.2  47.5 

MLrP 52.0         48.1         73.8  

0 29.6          38.1          56.9  

MLbP 56.8         55.0         65.6  

1921  0 16.0  26.8                                                       (   .17)          .30 

MLrP 38.4  88.0          (1.47)          .80 

0 23.6  34.4          (.35)          .77 

MLbP 46.0  68.8         (1.18)          .90 

1922  0...                                              .  21.3  37.5        45.1 

MLrP 38.5          56.3         67.3          

0 27.8          41.3         53.2          

MLbP .-..  39.2         55.0        73.2         

1923  0 13.2  16.4  50.0 

MLrP 32.0  50.4          67.5  

0 16.8  18.0          56.9  

MLbP 30.8  42.4         65.6  

1924  0 .  27.2  34.4  (1.67) 

MLrP 40.4          68.1          (4.29)' 

0 28.8          37.5          (1.98) 

MLbP 35.6         68.8         (4.54)5 

'No  records  for  crops  in  the  three-year  rotation  in  1898,  1897,  and  1900.     'No  records  for  cropa  in 

the  two-year  and  three-year  rotation  in  1898.  'Cowpea  hay  in  1906.     'Soybean  hay  in  1912  and  1915. 
5Hay  contaminated  with  sweet  clover  in  1924. 


266  BULLETIN  No.  273  [January, 

URBANA  FIELD,  DAVENPORT  PLOTS, 
CHAMPAIGN  COUNTY 

ESTABLISHED  1895 

Location. — On  the  University  campus,  directly  east  of  the  Mor- 
row Plots. 

Description. — The  Davenport  Plots  now  consist  of  five  series, 
each  containing  10  tenth-acre  plots  divided  into  halves.  Three  soil 
types  have  been  mapped  on  the  field:  (1)  Brown  Silt  Loam  (Musca- 
tine  silt  loam) ;  (2)  Brown  Silt  Loam  On  Drift  (Carrington  silt  loam) ; 
and  (3)  Black  Clay  Loam,  poorly  drained  phase  (Loessial  Clyde  clay 
loam).  The  unlimed  soils  give  a  reaction  for  medium  acidity.  The 
land  is  gently  rolling,  is  thoroly  tile-drained,  and  drains  well.  Origi- 
nally these  plots  consisted  of  seven  series  of  10  tenth-acre  plots  each. 

History. — The  Davenport  Plots  were  named  for  Dean  Eugene 
Davenport,  who  laid  them  out  in  1895  when  he  was  Professor  of  Agri- 
culture at  the  University.  Previous  to  this  time  the  land  on  which 
these  plots  were  placed  had  been  in  pasture  for  about  eighteen  years. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — No  definite  program  of  soil  treat- 
ment was  started  on  these  plots  until  1902.  In  the  meantime,  however, 
from  1895,  the  plots  were  cropped  in  such  manner  that  all  plots  of  a 
given  series  grew  the  same  kind  of  crop  in  any  year,  and  yields  were 
recorded  by  individual  plots.  In  1902  a  rotation  of  corn,  oats,  and 
clover  was  established  on  Series  100,  200,  and  300;  a  rotation  of  corn 
and  oats  on  Series  400  and  500,  and  continuous  corn  on  Series  600  and 
700.  These  cropping  plans  were  continued  until  1911,  when  Series  100, 
200,  300,  400,  and  500  were  combined  into  a  four-year  rotation  of  corn, 
oats,  clover,  and  wheat  on  four  series,  while  alfalfa  was  grown  on  the 
fifth  for  five  years,  after  which  it  was  changed  to  another  series.  Series 
700  was  discontinued  in  1913  and  Series  600  in  1914. 

Manure  was  applied  at  the  rotation  rate  of  6  tons  in  the  three- 
year  rotation  and  4  tons  an  acre  in  the  two-year  rotation  in  1905, 
1906,  and  1907;  legume  cover  crops  were  seeded  in  the  corn  for  use  as 
residues  until  1919.  These  manures  and  residues  were  handled  as 
described  in  the  introduction.  In  1923  the  return  of  the  oat  and  wheat 
straw  was  discontinued. 

Bone  meal  was  applied  at  the  annual  acre  rate  of  200  pounds  until 
1908,  when  it  was  planned  to  use  600  pounds  of  rock  phosphate  instead 
of  the  steamed  bone  meal  on  the  west  half  of  each  phosphate  plot.  In 
1918  the  two  phosphates  were  evened  up  to  make  the  rock  phosphate 
applications  four  times  as  large  as  the  bone  meal.  Thereafter  rock 
phosphate  was  applied  at  the  annual  acre  rate  of  200  pounds  and 
steamed  bone  meal  at  50  pounds.  In  1925  the  applications  were  evened 
to  13,200  pounds  of  rock  phosphate  and  3,300  pounds  of  steamed  bone 
meal  and  discontinued  for  an  indefinite  time.  Beginning  with  1906, 


1926] 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


267 


Plot  10  received  about  five  times  as  much  phosphorus  and  manure 
as  the  other  plots;  in  1921  the  manure  application  was  reduced  to  nor- 
mal amounts,  and  in  1925  the  applications  of  both  manure  and  phos- 
phate were  discontinued. 

The  soil  treatments  or  Series  600  and  700  were  designed  for  a  so- 
called  complete  fertility  test.  Nitrogen  was  applied  in  approximately 
800  pounds  of  dried  blood,  phosphorus  in  200  pounds  of  steamed  bone 
meal,  and  potassium  in  100  pounds  of  potassium  sulfate  an  acre  annu- 
ally. Beginning  with  1909,  rock  phosphate  was  applied  to  the  west 
halves  of  Plots  607  and  608  at  the  annual  acre  rate  of  600  pounds. 
Beginning  with  1906,  manure  was  applied  annually  to  Plots  709  and 
710  at  the  rate  of  20  tons  per  acre.  At  this  time  the  application  of 
bone  meal  was  increased  to  the  annual  acre  rate  of  1,000  pounds  on 
the  east  halves  of  the  plots  and  rock  phosphate  was  applied  to  the  west 
halves  of  the  plots  at  the  rate  of  3,000  pounds  annually.  Beginning 
with  1909,  rock  phosphate  was  applied  to  the  west  halves  of  701,  702, 
705,  706,  707,  and  708  at  the  rate  of  600  pounds  per  acre  annually. 
Slaked  lime  was  applied  at  the  acre  rate  of  400  pounds  in  1901  and 
251  pounds  in  1902;  in  1903  limestone  was  used  at  the  rate  of  600 
pounds  an  acre.  No  further  applications  were  made  until  1911,  when 
2  tons  of  limestone  was  applied. 


Aw*  Silt  Lo.-i0riv.ft  \---:-:m 

jCornnyton  s-lt  lum         l>->JLo 


k  Cl.y  Lo«m, poorty  drool  ftoJ  \Zrc~r.  Silt  U«m 

aul  Clydi  clay  loam  | |Mux«int  <ik  k*m 

SOIL  MAP  or  DAVENPORT  PLOTS.  UHBANA 
(Map  of  present  plots) 


268 


BULLETIN  No.  273 


[January, 


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1926} 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


269 


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270 


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276  BULLETIN  No.  273  [January, 


TABLE  101.— URBAN  A  FIELD,  DAVENPORT  PLOTS:    SERIES  600 

(1909-1914) 

Bushels  per  acre 


Plot 
No. 

1909 
Soil  treatment  applied                   Corn 

1910 
Corn 

1911 
Corn 

1912 
Corn 

1913 
Corn 

1914 
Corn 

601W 

0  

31 

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38 

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53.6 

16 

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A 

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0 

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41 

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28.8 

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2 

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31.6 

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BULLETIN  No.  273 


[January, 


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1926}  THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS  279 

URBANA  FIELD,  SOUTH  FARM:  CHAMPAIGN  COUNTY 
ESTABLISHED  1903 

Location. — About  a  mile  south  of  the  University  campus. 

Description. — The  field  consists  of  80  acres  of  dark-colored  loes- 
sial  and  drift  soils  of  slight  to  medium  acidity.  Six  soil  types  have 
been  mapped  on  the  field:  (1)  Black  Clay  Loam,  poorly  drained  phase 
(Loessial  Clyde  clay  loam) ;  (2)  Brown  Silt  Loam  On  Drift,  light 
phase  (Carrington  silt  loam,  light  phase) ;  (3)  Brown  Silt  Loam  On 
Drift  (Carrington  silt  loam) ;  (4)  Brown  Silt  Loam  (Muscatine  silt 
loam) ;  (5)  Brown  Silt  Loam,  light  phase  (Muscatine  silt  loam,  light 
phase) ;  and  (6)  Black  Silty  Clay  Loam  On  Clay  (Grundy  silty  clay 
loam) .  The  land  is  moderately  rolling,  with  a  tendency  to  wash  some 
on  the  north  divisions  of  Series  100  and  200.  It  is  tile-drained  and 
drains  well.  The  field  is  divided  into  eight  series  of  36  fifth-acre  plots 
each.  Each  series  is  further  divided  into  two  divisions,  the  north  divi- 
sion of  which  contains  the  plots  numbered  from  41  to  58  and  the  south 
division  the  plots  numbered  from  61  to  78. 

History. — Little  is  known  of  the  previous  history  of  this  field  ex- 
cept that  it  had  been  used  for  general  farming  before  the  experimental 
work  was  established  upon  it. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — The  Urbana  South  Farm  field  is 
used  primarily  for  the  investigation  of  crop  problems.  Four  definite 
rotations  have,  however,  been  practiced  on  the  different  quarters  of  the 
field,  where  certain  plots  have  been  maintained  with  various  soil 
treatments. 

On  the  north  divisions  of  Series  100,  200,  300,  and  400  a  rotation 
of  potatoes,  corn,  soybeans,  and  alfalfa  has  been  practiced.  Alfalfa 
has  remained  on  one  division  for  seven  years,  while  the  other  three 
crops  rotate  twice,  after  which  the  alfalfa  is  shifted  to  another  division. 
This  rotation  is  known  as  the  Northwest  rotation.  All  the  plots  in  this 
rotation  are  handled  as  livestock  plots.  Manure  at  the  annual  acre  rate 
of  15  tons  is  applied  to  each  plot  for  the  potatoes.  Rock  phosphate  at 
the  annual  acre  rate  of  500  pounds  is  applied  to  all  plots  excepting  those 
ending  in  the  numbers  9  and  0.  When  the  land  was  plotted  in  1903, 
a  uniform  application  of  limestone  at  the  acre  rate  of  %  ton  was 
made  to  all  plots  excepting  those  whose  numbers  ended  in  9  and  0. 
No  further  limestone  was  applied  until  1911,  when  it  was  planned  to 
apply  it  regularly  once  a  rotation  at  the  annual  acre  rate  of  y2 
ton  to  the  east  halves  of  all  plots  excepting  those  ending  in  the  num- 
bers 9  and  0.  All  plots  ending  in  the  numbers  3,  6,  9,  and  0  are  known 
as  standard  plots.  On  them,  crop  varieties  or  other  cropping  tests  are 
alike,  thus  making  it  possible  to  study  the  effects  of  soil  treatment. 

On  the  south  divisions  of  Series  100,  200,  300,  and  400  a  rotation 
of  corn,  oats,  clover,  and  wheat  has  been  practiced.  This  rotation  is 


280  BULLETIN  No.  273  [January, 

known  as  the  Southwest  rotation.  In  this  rotation,  plots  comprizing 
the  north  halves  of  the  divisions  represent  the  grain  system  of  farming 
and  receive  crop  residues,  including  red  clover  seeded  in  the  wheat, 
while  the  plots  comprizing  the  south  halves  of  the  divisions  represent 
the  livestock  system  of  farming  and  receive  farm  manure  in  amounts 
proportionate  to  crops  produced.  In  all  other  respects  the  soil  treat- 
ments and  the  standard  plots  are  similar  to  those  described  for  the 
north  division  of  this  series. 

On  the  north  divisions  of  Series  500,  600,  700,  and  800  a  rotation 
of  corn,  corn,  oats,  and  clover  has  been  practiced.  This  is  known  as 
the  North  Central  rotation.  The  soil  treatments  and  standard  plots 
on  these  divisions  are  similar  to  those  described  for  the  south  divisions 
of  Series  100,  200,  300,  and  400  except  that  no  limestone  has  been 
used  since  the  small  initial  application  mentioned  above. 

On  the  south  divisions  of  Series  500,  600,  700,  and  800  a  rotation 
of  corn,  corn,  corn,  and  soybeans  has  been  practiced ;  this  is  designated 
as  the  South  Central  rotation.  The  soil  treatments  and  standard  plots 
on  these  divisions  are  similar  to  those  on  the  north  divisions  of  the 
same  series. 


1926} 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


281 


Bl«ck   S.lt/  Clay    Loam    On  Cl»y 
Gfundy  sdty  clay    loam 

Son.  MAP  OF  SOUTH  FARM.  UTJBANA.  SERIES  100.  200.  300.  400 


282 


BULLETIN  No.  273 


[January, 


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THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


283 


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284 


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1926] 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


285 


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BULLETIN  No.  273 


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Silt    Loam    On  Drift,   light    phase 
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SOIL  MAP  or  SOUTH  FARM,  URBANA.  SERIES  soo,  wo,  TOO.  soo 


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THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


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294 


BULLETIN  No.  273 


[January, 


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1926]  THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS  295 

OLD  VIENNA  FIELD,  JOHNSON  COUNTY 
ESTABLISHED  1902 — DISCONTINUED  1911 

Location. — About  two  miles  southeast  of  Vienna  on  the  farm  of 
Mr.  J.  M.  Price.  A  part  of  the  N.E.  ^  of  the  N.E.  ^4,  Sec.  9  and  a 
part  of  the  S.E.  i/4  of  the  S.E.  %,  Sec.  4,  Twp.  13  S.,  R.  3  E.  of  the 
3d  P.  M. 

Description. — The  field  consisted  of  5.6  acres  of  soil  described  at 
the  time  the  field  was  established  as  "red  clay,  a  soil  typical  of  the 
unglaciated  hill  sections  of  the  state."  The  land  was  more  or  less 
rolling  with  a  tendency  to  wash.  It  was  not  tiled.  A  part  of  the  field 
was  low  and  wet.  The  field  was  divided  into  three  series  each  of  which 
contained  5  fifth-acre  plots. 

History. — The  old  Vienna  field  was  leased  from  Mr.  J.  M.  Price. 
Previous  to  1902  the  land  had  been  cultivated  for  about  fifty  years. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — The  original  rotation  was  wheat, 
corn,  and  cowpeas.  In  1905  this  was  changed  to  corn,  wheat,  and 
legumes.  Cowpeas  were  seeded  in  the  corn  at  the  last  cultivation  on 
all  plots  except  Plot  1  for  use  as  residues.  Phosphorus  was  applied 
yearly  in  200  pounds  of  steam  bone  meal  an  acre,  and  potassium  in 
100  pounds  of  potassium  sulfate.  Slaked  lime  was  applied  at  the  acre 
rate  of  1,800  pounds  in  1902,  and  in  1903  eight  tons  of  limestone  an 
acre  was  also  applied.  No  more  lime  was  applied. 


296 


BULLETIN  No.  273 


[January, 


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1926]  THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS  297 

NEW  VIENNA  FIELD,  JOHNSON  COUNTY 
ESTABLISHED  1916 — DISCONTINUED  1924 

Location. — About  one  mile  southeast  of  Vienna.  A  part  of  the 
N.W.  14  of  the  N.E.  14,  Sec.  9,  and  a  part  of  the  S.W.  ^  of  the  S.E. 
i/4,  Sec.  4,  Twp.  13  S.,  R.  3  E.  of  the  3d  P.  M. 

Description.— The  field  consisted  of  16  acres  of  light-colored  loes- 
sial  upland  soil  of  strong  acidity.  Three  soil  types  have  been  mapped 
on  the  field:  (1)  Deep  Gray  Silt  Loam;  (2)  Yellow  Silt  Loam; 
(3)  Yellow-Gray  Silt  Loam.  The  land  is  more  or  less  hilly  and  rough 
and  was  drained  by  surface  drainage.  The  field  was  divided  into  five 
series  containing  7  tenth-acre  plots  each.  The  series  were  arranged  on 
the  field  in  such  a  manner  as  to  prevent,  so  far  as  possible,  washing 
from  one  plot  to  another. 

History. — The  Vienna  field  was  purchased  by  the  University 
for  the  purpose  of  studying  methods  of  reclaiming  eroded  land, 
of  preventing  washing  so  far  as  possible  on  a  practical  basis,  and  to 
compare  the  merits  of  rock  phosphate  and  acid  phosphate  on  such 
soils. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — The  rotation  established  on  this 
field  was  corn,  cowpeas,  wheat  (seeded  to  timothy  in  the  fall  and  early 
the  following  spring),  clover  (with  timothy),  and  timothy. 

About  4  tons  of  limestone  an  acre  were  applied  to  all  plots  in  the 
fall  of  1915.  Two  tons  an  acre  were  applied  each  rotation  thereafter. 
The  rock  phosphate  was  applied  at  the  rotation  rate  of  1  ton  an  acre  in 
three  equal  applications  for  the  corn,  cowpeas,  and  wheat.  The  acid 
phosphate  was  applied  in  the  same  manner  except  that  only  half  a 
ton  was  used  in  each  rotation.  The  residues  plowed  under  were  for 
the  most  part  cornstalks.  They  were  rolled  down  in  the  fall  at  right 
angles  to  the  slope  of  the  ground.  The  manure  was  applied  in  amounts 
equal  to  the  total  weight  of  all  the  produce  (excepting  the  corn  stalks) 
grown  on  the  respective  plots. 


298 


BULLETIN  No.  273 


[January, 


Fcr:::-i  Dr*p  Gray  Silt   Loam 
I   Yello^  S.It    Lo»m 


!•!•!•']   /.How-Gray  S.It   Loam 


SOIL  MAP  OF  NEW  VIENNA  FIELD 


19S6] 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


299 


TABLE    109.— NEW   VIENNA   FIELD:    SERIES    100-500 

Bushels  or  (tons)  per  acre 


Plot 
No. 

Soil 
treatment 
applied 

1016 
Corn 

1917 
Cow- 
peas 

1918 
Wheat 

1919 

Clover 

1920 
Timothy 

1921 
Corn 

1922 
Cow- 
peas 

1923 
Wheat 

1924 
Clover 

101 

LRM.  .  . 

10.0 

6.2 

17.3 

(3.46) 

(1.30) 

24.8 

8.8 

22.2 

(2.52) 

102 

LRMrP     .  . 

5  0 

6  3 

22  0 

(2  85) 

(1  25) 

27  4 

9  1 

23  2 

(2  64) 

103 

LRMaP  

10.9 

4  9 

25.5 

(3.03) 

(1.55) 

23  5 

5.7 

27.2 

(2.96) 

104 

LRM  .  .  . 

12.1 

4.0 

22.5 

(2.84) 

(1.35) 

25.5 

7.2 

25.3 

(2.51) 

105 

LRMrP   .    .  . 

10  3 

4  0 

16  5 

(2  65) 

(1  00) 

24  6 

6  0 

21  6 

(2.54) 

106 
107 

LRMaP  
L  

11.9 
11.6 

4.0 

7.8 

22.5 
14.2 

(2.27) 
(1.87) 

(1.50) 
(1.00) 

27.8 
22.8 

3.6 
8.8 

24.0 
12.3 

(2.76) 
(1.29) 

Cow- 
peas 

Wheat 

Clover 

Timothy 

Corn 

Cow- 
peas 

Wheat 

Clover 

Timothy 

201 

LRM  .  .  . 

7.8 

15  3 

(2  10) 

(2  93) 

50  0 

32  0 

27  9 

(1  89) 

(1  .  60) 

202 

LRMrP  

9.9 

17.8 

(2.40) 

(3.20) 

54.5 

33.1 

30  1 

(2.57) 

(1.83) 

203 
204 

LRMaP  
LRM  

8.8 
9  8 

19.5 
18  3 

(1.97) 
(2  00) 

(3.53) 
(3  30) 

52.8 
57  1 

30.0 
29  8 

31.1 
30  3 

(2.51) 
(1  88) 

(1.71) 
(1  66) 

205 

LRMrP  

9.6 

17.3 

(2  30) 

(3.01) 

54  0 

28  5 

29  8 

(2.59) 

(1.73) 

206 

LRMaP... 

9.2 

12.8 

(2.40) 

(3.45) 

48.9 

26.3 

26.9 

(2.15) 

(1.51) 

207 

L  

8  9 

6  5 

(1  43) 

(2  65) 

44  2 

18  0 

14  9 

(1  43) 

(  .87) 

Wheat 

Clover 

Timothy 

1    Corn 

Cow- 
peas 

Wheat 

Clover  1 

'imothy 

Corn 

301 

LRM  .  .  . 

3.5 

(3  28) 

3.3 

10.3 

11.5 

(2.65) 

(1.37) 

31.4 

302 
303 
304 

LRMrP  
LRMaP  
LRM  

3.9 
3.5 
10  0 

(4.07) 
(4.14) 
(2.51) 

13.1 
13.1 

8  7 

13.3 
11.8 
10  8 

14.5 
14.8 
12  2 

(2.50) 
(2.38) 
(2  07) 

(1.27) 
(1.16) 
(1  03) 

37.0 
43.8 
33.1 

305 
306 
307 

LRMrP  
LRMaP  
L  

14.3 
13.8 
10.7 

(2.82) 
(3.46) 
(3.58) 

8.0 
7.1 
6.6 

11.5 
10.7 
14.7 

11.8 
11.5 
9.1 

(2.33) 
(2.32) 
(2.09) 

(1.39) 
(1.24) 
(1.04) 

35.3 
28.9 
26.1 

Clover'.' 

Timo- 
thy" 

Corn 

Cow- 
peas 

Wheat* 

Clover2 

Timothy 

Corn 

Cow- 
peas 

401 

LRM... 

11.1 

8.8 

(1.65) 

42.9 

(1.15) 

402 

LRMrP  

7.3 

7  5 

(2  30) 

35  6 

(1.55) 

403 

LRMap.  .. 

7.1 

8.0 

(2  51) 

31.5 

(1.67) 

404 

LRM  

10  7 

8  8 

(2  25) 

42  0 

(1  70) 

405 

LRMrP  

15  4 

10  0 

(2  46) 

42  6 

(1.87) 

406 

LRMaP... 

12  0 

7.7 

(2  42) 

35.6 

(2.00) 

407 

L  

10.0 

9.2 

(2.27) 

25.1 

(1.27) 

Timo- 
thyi.» 

Corn 

Cow- 
peas 

Wheat 

Clover 

Timothy 

Corn 

Soy- 
beans2 

Wheat 

501 

LRM... 

23.2 

3.4 

12.5 

(1.84) 

(1  29) 

28.7 

7.5 

502 

LRMrP..      . 

30  0 

4  2 

14  2 

(2  31) 

(1  15) 

31  7 

9.0 

503 

LRMaP... 

48  4 

3  3 

19  3 

(3  00) 

(1  65) 

48  2 

15.2 

504 

LRM  

43.2 

4.4 

17.0 

(2.15) 

(1.66) 

42.1 

15.2 

505 

LRMrP... 

39  6 

4  2 

17  5 

(2  30) 

(     88) 

43  7 

16.5 

506 

LRMaP... 

46.6 

4.8 

18.5 

(2.75) 

(1  29) 

48.0 

15.0 

507 

L... 

38.4 

5.6 

11.7 

(2.25) 

(1.31) 

56.9 

7.7 

"No  soil  treatment.     'No  yields  taken.     3No  manure.     4Wheat  winterkilled. 


300  BULLETIN  No.  273  [January, 

VIRGINIA  FIELD,  CASS  COUNTY 
ESTABLISHED  1902 — DISCONTINUED  1923 

Location. — About  three  miles  southeast  of  Virginia  on  the  farm 
of  Mr.  George  Conover.  A  part  of  the  North  side  of  the  N.W.  *4  of 
the  S.W.  %,  Sec.  14,  Twp.  17  N.,  R.  10  W.  of  the  3d  P.  M. 

Description. — The  field  consisted  of  11.1  acres  of  dark-colored 
loessial  upland  soil  described  at  the  time  the  field  was  established  as 
a  black  prairie  loam  rather  clayey  in  nature.  The  soil  was  probably 
not  very  sour.  The  land  was  fairly  level.  It  was  not  tile-drained  and 
in  some  seasons  the  drainage  was  not  very  good.  The  field  was  divided 
into  eight  series,  four  of  which  contained  10  tenth-acre  plots  and  4 
which  contained  4  tenth-acre  plots  each. 

History. — The  Virginia  field  was  leased  from  Mr.  George  Conover, 
and  after  his  death  from  the  Conover  estate.  Prior  to  1901  the  field 
was  in  grass  for  three  or  four  years  and  pastured  some.  The  north 
side  of  the  field  had  some  manure  applied  to  it  in  the  fall  of  1900.  It 
was  in  corn  in  1901. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — A  rotation  of  corn,  oats,  and 
legumes  was  practiced  on  Series  100,  200,  and  300.  Cowpeas  were 
seeded  in  the  corn  at  the  last  cultivation  on  the  residue  plots.  This 
practice,  however,  was  discontinued  in  1912.  Phosphorus  was  applied 
at  the  annual  acre  rate  of  200  pounds  of  steamed  bone  meal  and  po- 
tassium in  100  pounds  of  potassium  sulfate.  Slaked  lime  at  the  acre 
rate  of  285  pounds  was  applied  in  1902.  No  further  applications  were 
made  until  1915,  when  limestone  was  applied  at  the  acre  rate  of  4  tons. 
Thereafter,  limestone  was  applied  once  during  the  rotation  at  the  acre 
rate  of  1,000  pounds  a  year.  Manure  was  first  applied  at  the  acre 
rate  of  6  tons  once  during  the  rotation.  After  1908  manure  was  applied 
in  proportion  to  the  amount  of  produce  grown. 

Series  400  was  cropped  with  a  rotation  of  corn,  corn,  oats,  and 
wheat  in  what  was  called  a  complete  fertility  test.  Nitrogen  was 
applied  in  800  pounds  of  dried  blood  an  acre  a  year  applied  twice  in 
the  rotation,  half  ahead  of  each  corn  crop;  phosphorus  was  applied  in 
200  pounds  of  steamed  bone  meal  and  potassium  in  100  pounds  of 
potassium  sulfate  per  acre  per  year  for  the  corn  crop.  The  lime  appli- 
cations have  been  similar  to  those  on  the  first  three  series. 

Series  500,  600,  700,  and  800  were  unplotted  until  1919.  Prior  to 
that  time  alfalfa  was  grown  on  the  land.  At  that  time  a  rotation 
similar  to  that  on  Series  100,  200,  and  300  was  established  on  Series 
500,  600,  and  700,  and  a  rotation  similar  to  that  practiced  on  Series 
400  was  established  on  Series  800.  Crop  residues  were  returned  to  all 
plots  of  all  four  series.  Limestone  was  applied  at  the  annual  acre  rate 
of  1,000  pounds.  Plot  1  received  steamed  bone  meal  at  the  annual 
acre  rate  of  200  pounds;  Plot  3,  acid  phosphate  at  the  rate  of  333 
pounds;  and  Plot  4,  rock  phosphate  at  the  rate  of  667  pounds. 


19S6] 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


301 


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302 


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THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


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1926] 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


305 


TABLE  112.— VIRGINIA  FIELD:  COMPARATIVE  PHOSPHATE  TEST, 
SERIES  500,  600,  700,  800 

Bushels  or  (tons)  per  acre 


Plot 

No. 

Soil  treatment  applied 

1919         1920 
Alfalfa*     Corn» 

1921 
Oats 

1922 
Clover 

1923 
Corn 

501 
502 
503 
504 

RLbP... 

.    (2.53) 

46.4 
45.4 
52.0 
49.8 

50.3 
55.3 
59.4 
63.4 

(2.22) 
(2.  13) 
(2.16) 
(2.18) 

54.0 
65.6 
49.8 
58.6 

RL  

(2.38) 

RLaP  

(2.84; 

RLrP  

(2.63) 

Corn1 

Oats 

Soybeans 

Corn 

Oats 

601 
602 
603 
604 

RLbP... 

64.0 

48.8 
40.0 
57.2 
49.7 

6.8 
8.0 
6.0 
6.2 

56.2 
58.4 
56.4 
61.2 

47.2 
64.1 
49.7 
61.9 

RL  

66.0 

RLaP... 

66  2 

RLrP  

66.6 

Oats1 

Soy- 
beans* 

Corn 

Oats 

Annual 
sweet 
clover3 

701 
702 
703 
704 

RLbP... 

41.6 

71.2 
66.8 
61.4 
66.2 

47.5 
45.9 
42.8 
48.4 

RL... 

37.5 

RLaP... 

39  4 

RLrP  

38.8 

Corn1 

Oats 

Wheat 

Corn 

Corn 

801 
802 
803 
804 

RLbP... 

60  8 

40.6 
36.2 
36.6 
41.9 

28.5 
25.8 
24.8 
27.8 

57.4 
49.8 
54.6 
58.2 

68.4 
66.2 
56.4 
60.8 

RL... 

57  6 

RLaP  

55.6 

RLrP... 

.     55.4 

'No  residues.     'Crop  destroyed  by  early  freeze.     'Crop  failure. 


306  BULLETIN  No.  273  [January, 

WEST  SALEM  FIELD,  EDWARDS  COUNTY 

ESTABLISHED  1912 

Location. — About  a  mile  west  of  West  Salem.  A  part  of  the  west 
side  of  the  S.W.  %  of  the  N.W.  14,  Sec.  18,  Twp.  1  N.,  R.  11  E.  of 
the  3d  P.  M. 

Description. — The  field  consists  of  24  acres  of  light-colored  loes- 
sial  upland  and  drift  soils  of  strong  acidity.  Six  soil  types  have  been 
mapped  on  the  field:  (1)  Yellow-Gray  Silt  Loam  On  Compact  Medium 
Plastic  Clay;  (2)  Yellow-Gray  Silt 'Loam  On  Tight  Clay;  (3)  Gray 
Silt  Loam  On  Tight  Clay;  (4)  Yellow  Sandy  or  Gravelly  Silt  Loam 
On  Drift;  (5)  Deep  Gray  Silt  Loam;  and  (6)  Yellow  Silt  Loam.  The 
land  is  comparatively  level  in  some  parts  of  the  field,  while  in  other 
parts  it  is  rather  rolling,  tending  to  wash  in  places.  It  is  not  systemat- 
ically tile-drained,  tho  some  tile  and  catch  basins  have  been  used  on 
the  field.  The  field  is  divided  into  three  series  of  10  fifth-acre  plots 
each,  two  series  of  9  fifth-acre  plots,  and  six  large  plots  known  as 
Plots  A,  B,  C,  D,  E,  and  F. 

History. — The  West  Salem  field  was  purchased  by  the  citizens  of 
West  Salem  and  vicinity  and  donated  to  the  University  for  experi- 
mental purposes.  Little  is  known  of  the  previous  history  of  the  field 
except  that  it  was  not  very  productive  and  was  for  the  most  part  in 
redtop  meadow  previous  to  1912. 

Cropping  and  Soil  Treatment. — A  rotation  of  corn,  soybeans,  oats, 
clover,  and  wheat  was  established  on  Series  100,  200,  300,  400,  and  500. 
Sweet  clover  was  seeded  in  the  wheat  on  the  residue  plots,  and  cow- 
peas  in  the  corn  on  the  same  plots  for  use  as  green  manure  and  resi- 
dues. The  soil  treatments  applied  were  similar  to  those  described  in 
the  introduction.  In  1918  the  legume  seeding  in  the  corn  was  discon- 
tinued. In  1920  sweet  clover  was  substituted  for  the  regular  clover 
crop  in  the  rotation.  In  1923  the  return  of  the  wheat  straw  was  discon- 
tinued as  was  also  the  application  of  limestone  until  further  need  for  it 
should  appear.  By  mistake  the  initial  application  of  limestone  was 
given  to  Plots  2,  5,  and  6  of  all  series.  No  additional  limestone  has 
been  given  these  plots. 

Originally  Plots  A,  B,  C,  D,  E,  and  F  were  used  for  a  five-year 
rotation  of  potatoes,  corn,  soybeans,  wheat,  and  sweet  clover,  with 
alfalfa  on  the  sixth  plot  for  a  period  of  six  years,  when  it  was  to  be 
shifted.  The  soil  treatments  given  these  plots  were  somewhat  similar  to 
those  on  the  first  six  series.  In  1921  the  rotation  was  changed  into  two 
three-year  rotations.  On  Plots  A,  B,  and  C  a  rotation  of  wheat  and 
sweet  clover  on  two  plots  with  a  timothy,  alsike,  red  clover  mixture  on 
the  third  plot  for  a  period  of  three  years.  On  Plots  D,  E,  and  F  a  rota- 
tion was  planned  consisting  of  corn,  wheat  (with  sweet  clover)  on  two 
plots,  while  the  hay  mixture  mentioned  above  was  grown  on  the  third 
plot  for  three  years. 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


307 


I    Yellow-Gray  S.It  ij>am  On  Compact    \//.\  Ve'lo*  Sanjy  or  Gravelly 
?|      Mea.um  PlMtk  Clay.  I-I-^J     Silt  Loam  On  Drift 


r.'.'.'j   Yellow-Gray  Silt  Uam  On  Tigtit  CUy     F::::::|  Deep  Gray  S.It  Loam 
I |    Gray  Silt  Loam  On  Tight  Clay  Ky.'j    Velio.  Silt  Loam 

SOIL  MAP  OF  WEST  SALEM. FIELD 


308 


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THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


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1926]  THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS  311 


The  following  outline  shows  all  the  soil  types  mapped  on  the 
experiment  fields  together  with  the  field  or  fields  upon  which  each 
occurs.  The  types  are  designated  by  the  Illinois  type  name  and  also 
by  the  type  name  of  the  Bureau  of  Soils,  U.  S.  Department  of  Agri- 
culture, in  all  cases  where  the  correlation  has  been  made.  The  correla- 
tion is  considered  tenative  in  some  instances  and  in  one  or  two  cases 
changes  are  considered  certain.  No  Bureau  of  Soils  name  was  avail- 
able at  the  time  this  bulletin  went  to  press  for  the  loessial  equivalent 
of  Clyde.  This  series  has  been  called  "Loessial  Clyde"  thruout  this 
bulletin. 

Dark-colored  upland  soils  developed  on  loess 
Light  Brown  Silt  Loam  (Tama  silt  loam) 
Dixon,  LaMoille,  Mt.  Morris  fields 

Light  Brown  Silt  Loam,  shallow  phase  (Tama  silt  loam,  shallow  phase) 
Mt.  Morris  field 

Light  Brown  Silt  Loam,  deep  phase  (Tama  silt  loam,  deep  phase) 
Mt.  Morris  field 

Brown  Silt  Loam  (Muscatine  silt  loam) 

Bloomington,  DeKalb,  Dixon,  Kewanee,  LaMoille,  McNabb,  Minonk, 
Mt.  Morris,  Sidell,  Spring  Valley  fields,  Urbana  Davenport  plots, 
Urbana  South  Farm 

Brown  Silt  Loam,  light  phase  (Muscatine  silt  loam,  light  phase) 
Urbana  South  Farm 

Brown  Silt  Loam,  deep  phase  (Muscatine  silt  loam,  deep  phase) 
Mt.  Morris  field 

Brown  Silt  Loam  On  Clay  (Grundy  silt  loam) 

Aledo,  Bloomington,  Clayton,  DeKalb,  Dixon,  Hartsburg  fields 

Light  Brown  Silt  Loam  On  Clay  (Grundy  silt  loam,  light  phase) 
Clayton  field 

Grayish  Brown  Silt  Loam  On  Tight  Clay  (Grundy  silt  loam,  grayish  phase) 
Carlinville,  Carthage,  Lebanon,  Pana  fields 

Brown  Silt  Loam  On  Tight  Clay  (Grundy  silt  loam,  tight  phase) 
Carlinville,  Pana  fields 

Brown  Silt  Loam  On  Calcareous  Clay  (Grundy  silt  loam,  calcareous  phase) 
Minonk  field 

Black  Silty  Clay  Loam  On  Clay  (Grundy  silly  clay  loam) 

Carthage,  DeKalb,  LaMoille,  Sidell  fields,  Urbana  South  Farm 

Black  Clay  Loam  (Grundy  clay  loam) 
Carlinville,  Hartsburg  fields 

Grayish  Brown  Clay  Loam  On  Tight  Clay  (Grundy  clay  loam,  grayish  phase) 
Carlinville  field 

Deep  Dark  Brown  Silt  Loam  (Bremer  silt  loam) 
Dixon,  Spring  Valley  fields 


312  BULLETIN  No.  273  [January, 

Black  Clay  Loam,  poorly  drained  phase  (Loessial  Clyde  clay  loam) 

Bloomington,    DeKalb,    Joliet,    Kewanee,    LaMoille,    Minonk,    Sidell, 
Spring  Valley  fields,  Urbana  Davenport  plots,  Urbana  South  Farm 

Black  Silty  Clay  Loam  On  Clay,  poorly  drained  phase  (Loessial  Clyde  silly 
clay  loam) 

Aledo  field 

Light  Brown  Silt  Loam  On  Clay,  poorly  drained  phase  (Loessial  Clyde  silt 
loam) 

Clayton  field 

Brown-Gray  Silt  Loam  On  Tight  Clay  (Putnam  silt  loam) 
Alhambra,  Carlinville,  Clayton,  Pana  fields 

Dark-colored  upland  soils  developed  on  drift 

Brown  Silt  Loam  On  Drift  (Carrington  silt  loam) 
Urbana  Davenport  plots,  Urbana  South  Farm 

Brown  Silt  Loam  On  Drift,  light  phase  (Carrington  silt  loam,  light  phase) 
Sidell  field,  Urbana  South  Farm 

Brown  Silt  Loam  On  Red  Calcareous  Drift  (Belle fontaine  silt  loam) 
DeKalb  field 

Brown  Silt  Loam  On  Calcareous  Drift  (Clarion  silt  loam) 
DeKalb,  Joliet,  Minonk  fields 

Brown  Silt  Loam  On  Plastic  Calcareous  Drift  (Webster  silt  loam) 
DeKalb,  Joliet  fields 

Black  Silty  Clay  Loam  On  Drift  (Clyde  silly  clay  loam) 
DeKalb  field 

Black  Clay  Loam  On  Drift  (Clyde  clay  loam) 
DeKalb  field 

Light-colored  upland  soils  developed  on  loess 

Brownish  Yellow-Gray  Silt  Loam  (Clinton  silt  loam) 
Spring  Valley  field 

Yellow-Gray  Silt  Loam 

Elizabethtown,  Ewing,  Odin,  Sparta,  Unionville,  Vienna  fields 

Yellow-Gray  Silt  Loam,  deep  phase 
Unionville  field 

Deep  Gray  Silt  Loam 

Enfield,  Ewing,  Raleigh,  Sparta,  West  Salem,  Vienna  fields 

Yellow-Gray  Silt  Loam  On  Compact  Medium-Plastic  Clay 
Enfield,  West  Salem  fields 

Yellow-Gray  Silt  Loam  On  Tight  Clay 
Raleigh,  Sparta,  West  Salem  fields 

Yellow  Silt  Loam 

Elizabethtown,  Unionville,  West  Salem,  Vienna  fields 

Stony  Loam 

Elizabethtown  field 

Light  Gray  Silt  Loam  On  Tight  Clay 
Enfield,  Sparta  fields 


1926]  THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS  313 

Gray  Silt  Loam  On  Plastic  Reddish  Brown  Clay 
Odin  field 

Gray  Silt  Loam  On  Orange-Mottled  Tight  Clay 
Ewing  field 

Gray  Silt  Loam  On  Orange-Mottled  Plastic  Clay 
Enfield,  Raleigh  fields 

Gray  Silt  Loam  On  Tight  Clay 

DuBois,  Ewing,  Oblong,  Odin,  Newton,  Raleigh,  Toledo,  West  Salem 
fields 

Light-colored  upland  soils  developed  on  drift 

Yellow-Gray  Silt  Loam  On  Calcareous  Drift  (Miami  silt  loam) 
Antioch  field 

Yellow  Sandy  or  Gravelly  Silt  Loam  On  Drift 
West  Salem  field 

Terrace  Soils 

Brown  Sandy  Loam,  Terrace  (Plainfield  sandy  loam) 
Oquawka,  Palestine  fields 

Dune  Sand,  Terrace  (Plainfield  sand) 
Oquawka  field 

In  the  following  profile  descriptions  of  the  above  types,  their 
occurrence  in  the  state  is  briefly  discussed  and  an  attempt  is  made  to 
point  out  any  variations  which  were  found  in  the  various  types  as 
mapped  on  the  experiment  fields.  That  is  to  say,  two  fields  may  be 
classified  as  of  the  same  type,  on  one  of  which  the  type  is  typically 
developed  while  on  the  other  its  development  is  not  typical  with  re- 
spect to  certain  characters.  Differences  of  variations  of  this  sort  are 
described  because  it  is  believed  that  they  may  have  an  important  bear- 
ing on  the  interpretation  of  the  experimental  data  furnished  by  the 
fields. 

In  the  descriptions  the  various  strata  or  horizons  composing  the 
soil  profile  are  designated  by  the  letters  A,  B,  and  C.  According  to 
this  method  of  designation,  Ax  corresponds  to  the  surface  soil,  A2  to 
the  subsurface,  Bx  to  the  upper  subsoil,  and  C^  to  the  lower  subsoil. 
In  the  type  descriptions  definite  depths  are  usually  assigned  to  the 
various  horizons.  It  should  be  understood,  however,  that  small  varia- 
tions in  these  depths  occur.  In  certain  cases  where  the  variations  are 
relatively  large,  attention  is  called  to  them. 

LIGHT  BROWN  SILT  LOAM  (Tama  silt  loam) 

Ai — 0  to  8  inches,  light  or  yellowish  brown  silt  loam 
Az — 8  to  about  20  inches,  distinctly  yellowish  brown,  friable  silt  loam 
Bj — 20   to   about   28   inches,   brownish  yellow,  friable,   non-mottled,   non- 
compact  silt  loam 

Ci — 28  inches  to  the  depth    sampled    (40    inches),    very    friable,    slightly 
mottled,  bright  yellowish  brown  silt  loam 


314  BULLETIN  No.  273  [January, 

This  type  is  non-calcareous,1  is  easily  pervious  to  roots,  air,  and 
water,  is  well  and  uniformly  oxidized.  The  topography  of  the  type  is 
usually  undulating  to  rolling.  It  occurs  extensively  in  the  northwestern 
part  of  the  state. 

Two  phases  of  this  type  were  mapped  because  of  variations  in 
depth : 

Shallow  Phase  Deep  Phase 

Ai — 0  to  4  inches  At — 0  to  13  inches 

A2 — 5  to  10  inches  A2 — 14  to  22  inches 

Bi— 11  to  19  inches  Bi— 23  to  28  inches 

Ci— 20+  inches  Cs— 29+  inches 

BROWN  SILT  LOAM  (Muscatine  silt  loam) 

Ai — 0  to  8  inches,  brown  silt  loam 

A2 — 8  to  18  inches,  light  brown  or  yellowish  brown  silt  loam 

Bi — 19  to  30  inches,  mottled,2  pale  yellow,  medium-compact  clay  loam  or 

silty  clay  loam 
Ct — 30  inches  to  the  depth  sampled  (40  inches),  strongly  mottled,  yellow  or 

pale  yellow,  friable  silty  clay  loam 

The  areas  of  Muscatine  silt  loam  as  mapped  on  the  various  fields 
are  thought  to  be  typical  except  in  the  case  of  the  McNabb  and  Spring 
Valley  fields.  In  the  case  of  the  former  field  the  A2  horizon  extends 
to  a  depth  of  26  to  28  inches  over  much  of  the  area.  The  Spring  Valley 
field  presents  an  unusual  condition  in  that  it  is  located  on  an  area 
where  both  forest  and  prairie  vegetation  have  had  an  influence  on  the 
character  of  the  soil.  The  Al  horizon  is  too  light  colored  to  be  typical 
of  Muscatine  and  the  Bx  horizon  is  too  compact  and  strongly  mottled. 
The  type  behavior  of  Muscatine  silt  loam  should  probably  not  be 
judged  by  the  behavior  of  the  area  on  this  field  which  is  classified  as 
Muscatine.  This  type  occurs  extensively  thruout  the  central  and  north- 
central  parts  of  the  state. 

Two  phases  of  Muscatine  silt  loam  were  mapped,  as  follows: 

1.  Muscatine  silt  loam,  light  phase,  in  which  the  Ax  horizon  is 
light  brown  in  color  and  the  A2  and  Bt  horizons  are  yellow.   The  de- 
grees of  mottling,  of  compaction,  and  of  placticity  do  not  differ  from 
those  which  characterize  Muscatine  silt  loam. 

2.  Muscatine  silt  loam,  deep  phase,  which  corresponds  to  Musca- 
tine silt  loam  except  that  the  Ax  horizon  is  about  14  inches  in  thick- 
ness, and  Bx  is  3  or  4  inches  deeper  but  usually  no  thicker. 


1N on-calcareous,  as  the  term  is  used  in  this  bulletin,  means  that  the  soil  does 
not  effervesce  with  hydrochloric  (muriatic)  acid. 

3The  term  mottled,  as  used  in  this  bulletin,  means,  unless  otherwise  stated, 
the  presence  of  gray  splotches,  streaks,  or  surfaces  thruout  a  soil  mass  of  some 
color  other  than  gray. 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS  315 

BROWN  SILT  LOAM  ON  CLAY  (Grundy  silt  loam) 

Ai — 0  to  8  or  9  inches,  dark  brown  silt  loam 

A2 — 9  to  19  inches,  brown  silt  loam  with  gray  cast 

Bi — 20  to  30  inches,  strongly   mottled,   pale  yellow,  heavy,  compact   clay 

loam 
Ci — 30  inches  to  depth  sampled  (40  inches),  very  strongly  mottled,  drab  or 

pale  yellow,  friable  silty  clay  loam 

This  type  as  mapped  is  thought  to  be  typical  on  the  Bloomington, 
DeKalb,  and  Dixon  fields.  On  the  Aledo  field  the  Bt  horizon  is  grayer 
than  is  usual  for  the  type,  and  on  the  Clayton  field  the  Bt  horizon  is 
a  strongly  mottled,  reddish  brown  instead  of  the  usual  yellowish  gray 
or  yellowish  brown.  The  variations  which  are  mapped  as  phases  of 
the  type  are  described  below.  The  Grundy  series  occurs  extensively 
in  the  south-central  part  of  the  state. 

Four  phases  of  Grundy  silt  loam  were  mapped,  as  follows: 

1.  Light  phase,  in  which  A!  is  7  to  8  inches  in  depth  and  light 
brown  in  color. 

2.  Grayish  phase,  in  which  Ax  may  or  may  not  have  a  grayish 
cast,  but  in  which  A2  is  drabbish  or  grayish  brown  and  Bt  is  plastic, 
with  a  marked  tendency  to  be  impervious.  This  soil,  in  the  course  of 
its  development,  has  apparently  reached  a  stage  intermediate  between 
Grundy  and  Putnam,  which  is  described  later. 

3.  Tight  phase,  in  which  the  gray  cast  does  not  appear,  excepting 
slightly  in  A2  in  some  areas,  but  in  which  El  is  very  plastic,  compact, 
and  impervious. 

4.  Calcareous  phase,  in  which  drift  probably  occurs  at  34  to  40 
inches  and  which  is  usually  strongly  calcareous  at  32  inches.  This  soil 
perhaps  should  be  correlated  with  Webster  instead  of  Grundy. 

BLACK  SILTY  CLAY  LOAM  ON  CLAY  (Grundy  silty  clay  loam) 

Ai — 0  to  9  or  10  inches,  black  silty  clay  loam 

A: — 10  to  19  inches,  drabbish  brown  silty  c\a,y  loam  frequently  splotched 

with  reddish  bfown  or  yellow  spots 
Bt — 20  to  30  or  35  inches,  strongly  mottled,  yellowish  gray  or  drab  clay, 

compact,  and  medium  plastic 
Ci — Below  Bi   to  depth    sampled     (40   inches)     strongly    mottled,    bright 

yellow  or  reddish  brown,  medium-friable  silty  clay  loam 

This  type  is  uniform  on  the  Carthage,  LaMoille,  and  Urbana 
South  Farm  fields.  On  the  DeKalb  and  Sidell  fields  the  ^  horizon  is 
unusually  shallow  (6  to  7  inches),  and  on  the  DeKalb  field  the  Bx 
horizon  occurs  at  a  depth  of  only  about  10  or  11  inches,  thus  reducing 
the  A2  horizon  to  a  very  thin  stratum  (3  or  4  inches) .  It  occurs  only 
on  relatively  flat  areas  and  is  associated  with  Grundy  clay  loam. 

BLACK  CLAY  LOAM  (Grundy  clay  loam) 

Ai — 0  to  8  inches,  black  clay  loam 

A2 — 9  to  19  inches,  grayish  or  drabbish  brown  clay  loam 


316  BULLETIN  No.  273  [January, 

Bx — 20  to  35  inches,  gray  clay  loam  splotched  with  black  iron  concretions 

and  yellow  mottling,  not  very  compact  or  plastic 
Ci — 35   inches   to   depth   sampled    (40   inches),   strongly   mottled,   reddish 

brown,  friable  silty  clay  loam.  Carbonates  occur  at  about  45  inches. 

This  type  is  found  only  on  flat  areas  which  were  originally  rather 
poorly  drained,  tho  its  natural  drainage  is  better  than  that  of  the 
loessial  correlative  of  Clyde. 

GRAYISH  BROWN  CLAY  LOAM  ON  TIGHT  CLAY  (Grundy  clay 
loam,  grayish  phase) 

This  type  occupies  a  small  low-lying  area  in  association  with 
Grayish  Brown  Silt  Loam  On  Tight  Clay.  Its  profile  differs  from  that 
of  the  preceding  type  in  its  finer  texture  and  slightly  grayer  color. 

DEEP  BROWN  SILT  LOAM  (Bremer  silt  loam) 

This  type,  as  it  occurs  on  the  Dixon  and  Spring  Valley  fields,  occu- 
pies areas  which  have  received  much  wash.  The  Dixon  area  occupies 
a  small  draw  in  which  much  alluvial  material  has  been  deposited  and 
the  Spring  Valley  areas  are  small  outwash  plains.  The  following 
description  applies  to  the  Dixon  area  and  to  the  area  which  occurs  on 
Plots  102  to  110  and  Plots  501  to  504  on  the  Spring  Valley  field. 

Ai — 0  to  about  14  inches,  dark  brown  silt  loam 

A2 — 14  to  about  24  inches,  yellowish  brown  to  drabbish  black  silty  clay 

loam 
As — 24  inches  to  depth  sampled   (40   inches),  strongly  mottled,  yellowish 

gray  or  drabbish  black  clay  loam,  friable,  and  not  compact 

The  area  of  this  type  which  occurs  on  Plots  801  to  804  of  the 
Spring  Valley  field  is  lighter  in  color  in  all  horizons  than  is  usual  for 
this  type,  and  has  a  distinctly  compact  subsoil.  Bremer  silt  loam  prob- 
ably does  not  occur  extensively  in  the  state. 

BLACK  CLAY  LOAM,  POORLY  DRAINED  PHASE  (Loessial 
Clyde  clay  loam) 

This  type  occurs  on  low-lying  flat  areas  in  the  central  part  of  the 
state  and  is  developed  under  poor  drainage  conditions.  The  descriptive 
name  Black  Clay  Loam,  poorly  drained  phase,  was  adopted  to  dis- 
tinguish this  type  from  Black  Clay  Loam  (Grundy  clay  loam)  and 
should  not  be  taken  to  mean  that  the  type  is  now  poorly  drained,  which 
may  not  be  the  case  because  of  the  extensive  installation  of  tile-drain- 
age systems  in  these  flat  areas.  A  profile  description  follows: 
Ai — 0  to  9  inches,  black  clay  loam 
A2 — 10  to  22  inches,  drabbish  black  clay  or  clay  loam 
Bi — 23  to  30  or  40  inches  or  more,  drab  or  strongly  mottled  pale  yellow, 

plastic,  compact  clay 

Ci — When  this  horizon  occurs  within  the  40-inch  section,  it  is  usually  either 
a  strongly  mottled  yellow,  medium-friable  clay  loam  containing  black 
iron  concretions,  or  a  drab  clay  loam  splotched  with  yellow  and  con- 
taining black  iron  concretions. 


1926}  THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS  317 

This  type,  as  mapped  on  the  Bloomington,  Kewanee,  and  Urbana 
Davenport  fields,  has  an  unusually  deep  At  horizon.  In  the  case  of  the 
Bloomington  and  Davenport  fields  this  horizon  extends  to  a  depth  of 
about  15  inches,  while  in  the  case  of  the  Kewanee  field  it  is  12  inches 
deep  with  a  slightly  drabbish  black  clay  loam  A2  to  21  inches  in 
depth. 

BLACK  SILTY  CLAY  LOAM  ON  CLAY,  POORLY  DRAINED  PHASE 
(Loessial  Clyde  silty  clay  loam) 

This  type  occurs  on  the  Aledo  field  and  interferes  with  the  uni- 
formity of  this  field  only  to  the  extent  that  it  eliminates  Plot  101  from 
any  comparisons  with  the  other  plots. 

The  profile  of  this  type  is  the  same  as  for  that  of  the  preceding 
type  (Black  Clay  Loam,  poorly  drained  phase)  except  that  its  texture 
is  coarser  in  all  horizons  resulting  in  less  plasticity.  This  type  is 
usually  associated  with  Black  Clay  Loam,  poorly  drained  phase. 

LIGHT  BROWN  SILT  LOAM  ON  CLAY,  POORLY  DRAINED  PHASE 
(Loessial  Clyde  silt  loam,  light  phase) 

This  type  occurs  on  the  Clayton  field  on  a  low  area  in  association 
with  Grundy  silt  loam.  Its  profile  is  typical  for  the  type  with  the 
exception  that  the  surface  is  brown  or  slightly  drabbish  brown  instead 
of  dark  brown  or  black. 

BROWN-GRAY  SILT  LOAM  ON  TIGHT  CLAY  (Putnam  silt  loam) 

This  type  occurs  in  a  belt  extending  from  the  Shelbyville  moraine 
thru  Shelby,  Christian,  Montgomery,  Macoupin,  and  Madison  coun- 
ties. It  is  well  developed  on  the  Alhambra  and  Pana  fields  and  occurs 
less  typically  developed  on  the  Carlinville  and  Clayton  fields.  The 
type  is  characterized  by  an  ashy  gray  subsurface  and  a  very  plastic 
and  compact  subsoil.  "Scald  spots"  occur  at  frequent  intervals  and 
are  caused  by  the  nearness  to  the  surface  of  the  plastic  subsoil  or 
"tight  clay." 

It  is  not  infrequently  the  case  that  lime  concretions  occur  in  the 
compact,  or  Bt  horizon.  This  feature  needs  further  study  to  determine 
its  significance.  A  profile  description  of  the  type  follows: 

Ai — 0  to  8  inches,  brown  or  grayish  brown  silt  loam 

Aa — 9  to  about  18  inches,  ashy  gray  silt  loam 

Bi — about  19  to  about  32  inches,  gray  or  drab,  highly  plastic  clay,  with 

some  yellow  spots  and  frequently  black  iron  concretions 
Ci — This  horizon  sometimes  does  not  occur  in  the  40-inch  section  because 

of  the  depth  to  which  Bi  extends.     When  present  it  is  a  fairly  friable, 

mottled  yellow  clay  loam  or  silty  clay  loam 

On  the  Carlinville  field  some  of  the  area  mapped  as  Putnam  silt 
loam  is  not  typical  of  the  type  in  that  the  gray  layer  is  either  entirely 
absent  or  imperfectly  developed  and  the  compact,  or  Bx,  horizon  is 
deeper  than  is  ordinarily  the  case.  On  the  Clayton  field  the  gray  layer 


318  BULLETIN  No.  273  [January, 

is  not  ashy  gray  but  is  brownish  gray.  The  compact,  or  B^  horizon 
of  this  type  on  the  Clayton  field  is  strongly  developed  and  is  thicker 
than  is  usually  found;  it  frequently  is  so  thick  that  no  Cx  horizon 
occurs  in  the  40-inch  section. 

BROWN  SILT  LOAM  ON  DRIFT  (Carrington  silt  loam) 

This  type  is  found  in  considerable  area  in  the  east-central  part  of 
the  state.  It  was  mapped  on  the  Urbana  Davenport  plots  and  Urbana 
South  Farm.  A  profile  description  of  the  type  follows: 
Ai — 0  to  about  8  inches,  brown  silt  loam 
A2 — 8  to  about  18  inches,  yellowish  brown  ailt  loam 
Bi — 18   to   about  30   inches,   mottled  yellow,   medium-compact,   sandy   or 

gravelly  clay 

Ci — 30  inches  to  depth  sampled  (40  inches),  strongly  mottled  yellow, 
medium-friable,  sandy  or  gravelly  silty  clay  loam 

A  light-colored  phase  of  Carrington  silt  loam  was  mapped  on  the 
Sidell  and  Urbana  South  Farm  fields.  It  differs  from  Carrington  silt 
loam  in  that  the  surface,  or  Ax  horizon,  is  light  brown  or  yellowish 
brown  in  color. 

BROWN  SILT  LOAM  ON  RED  CALCAREOUS  DRIFT 
(Bellefontaine  silt  loam) 

This  type  probably  occurs  only  in  the  northern  part  of  the  state 
and  is  found  in  regions  of  undulating  to  rolling  topography.  The 
DeKalb  field  is  the  only  field  on  which  the  type  was  mapped  and  the 
following  profile  description  was  taken  from  that  area: 

Ai — 0  to  7  inches,  light,  slightly  reddish  brown  silt  loam 

Ai — 8  to  15  inches,  yellowish  brown  silt  loam  with  reddish  cast 

Bi — 16  to  25  inches,  dark  reddish  brown,  sandy,  gravelly  clay  loam,  medium 

compact 
Ci — 26  inches  to  depth  sampled   (40  inches),  dark  reddish,  gravelly  drift. 

strongly  calcareous 

BROWN  SILT  LOAM  ON  CALCAREOUS  DRIFT  (Clarion  silt  loam) 

This  type  occurs  in  the  north-central  part  of  the  state  in  areas  of 
undulating  to  rolling  topography.  The  areas  of  the  type  which  are 
found  on  the  DeKalb  and  Minonk  fields  are  typical,  while  in  the  case 
of  the  area  on  the  Joliet  field  the  surface  soil  is  lighter  colored  than  is 
usual  for  the  type.  The  profile  description  of  the  type  follows: 

At — 0  to  8  inches,  brown  silt  loam 

A2 — 9  to  about  18  inches,  light  brown  or  yellowish  brown  silt  loam 

Bi — 19  to  about  28  inches,  yellowish  brown,  medium-compact  clay,  or  sandy 
and  gravelly  clay 

Ci — 29  inches  to  depth  sampled  (40  inches),  yellow,  highly  calcareous,  sandy 
and  gravelly  drift 


1926]  THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS  319 

BROWN  SILT  LOAM  ON  PLASTIC  CALCAREOUS  DRIFT 
(Webster  silt  loam) 

Webster  silt  loam  occurs  in  the  northern  part  of  the  state,  north 
of  McLean  county  and  east  of  Stark  county.  It  occupies  low-lying 
flat  areas.  The  profile  description  of  the  type  follows: 

Ai — 0  to  9  inches,  dark  brown  silt  loam 

A2 — 10  to  18  inches,  grayish  brown  gilt  loam 

Bi — 19  to  29  inches,  grayish  drab  or  strongly  mottled  yellow  clay,  heavy 

and  compact 
Ci — 30   inches  to  depth   sampled,   strongly   mottled,   calcareous,   sandy   or 

gravelly  clay 

BLACK  SILTY  CLAY  LOAM  ON  DRIFT  (Clyde  silty  clay  loam) 

This  type,  a  profile  description  of  which  follows,  probably  occurs 
only  in  the  portion  of  the  state  which  is  included  in  the  early  Wiscon- 
sin glaciation. 

Ai — 0  to  8  inches,  black  silty  clay  loam 
A2 — 9  to  13  inches,  brownish  black  silty  clay  loam 
A3 — 14  to  18  inches,  drabbish  black  silty  clay  loam 

Bi — 19  inches  to  depth  sampled   (40  inches),  drab  clay  containing  yellow 
splotches  which  increase  in  number  and  size  below  30  inches 

BLACK  CLAY  LOAM  ON  DRIFT  (Clyde  clay  loam) 

This  type  occurs  in  the  same  region  as  Clyde  silty  clay  loam  and 
is  very  similar  to  it.  It  is  heavier  in  texture  in  all  horizons,  and  the 
color  of  the  B!  horizon  is  gray  rather  than  drab.  This  horizon  contains 
dark  reddish  brown  splotches  rather  than  yellow  splotches. 

BROWNISH  YELLOW-GRAY  SILT  LOAM  (Clinton  silt  loam) 

This  type,  which  is  called  Brownish  Yellow-Gray  Silt  Loam  to 
distinguish  it  from  Yellow-Gray  Silt  Loam,  is  a  light-colored  upland 
soil  and  occurs  thruout  the  central  part  of  the  state  adjacent  to  the 
eroded  land  bordering  streams.  A  profile  description  follows: 

Ai — 0  to  8  inches,  yellowish  gray  silt  loam,  frequently  with  a  brownish  cast 
A2 — 9  to  18  inches,  mottled,  yellowish  brown  silt  loam 
Bi — 19  to  35  inches,  compact,  mottled,  yellowish  brown  silty  clay  loam 
Ci — 36   inches   to   depth   sampled    (40   inches),   friable,    strongly     mottled, 
yellow  silt  loam 

This  type  occurs  on  a  portion  of  the  Spring  Valley  field,  but  there 
is  a  portion  of  the  field  in  which  the  soils  are  too  dark  colored  in  both 
the  A!  and  A2  horizons  to  be  considered  typical. 

YELLOW-GRAY  SILT  LOAM 

This  type  occurs  extensively  on  the  rolling  uplands  in  the  southern 
part  of  the  state.  The  following  description  applies  to  the  cultivated 
areas  and  not  to  the  type  in  the  virgin  condition. 


320  BULLETIN  No.  273  [January, 

Aj — 0  to  7  inches,  grayish  yellow  silt  loam 
A2 — 8  to  15  inches,  yellowish  gray  silt  loam 

Bi — 16  to  31  inches,  compact,  mottled,  bright  yellow  silty  clay  loam 
Ci — 32  inches  to  depth  sampled   (40  inches),  friable,  mottled,  yellow  silt 
loam 

YELLOW-GRAY  SILT  LOAM,  DEEP  PHASE 

This  type  occupies  a  small  area  on  the  Unionville  field  and  is  of 
small  importance  because  of  its  limited  area  in  the  state.  It  is  similar 
to  Deep  Gray  Silt  Loam,  Bottom,  both  in  formation  and  in  character. 
The  surface,  or  AT,  horizon  is  not  observably  different  from  the  surface 
horizon  of  the  preceding  type,  Yellow-Gray  Silt  Loam,  except  that  it 
is  9  inches  deep  instead  of  7.  No  horizon  development  has  taken  place 
below  the  surface,  the  material  to  the  depth  sampled  (40  inches)  being 
a  gray  silt  loam  heavily  splotched  with  dark  reddish  brown  spots. 
Ordinarily  no  compact,  or  Bx,  horizon  occurs  in  the  40-inch  section, 
tho  in  places  it  appears  to  be  forming. 

DEEP  GRAY  SILT  LOAM 

This  type  is  similar  to  Yellow-Gray  Silt  Loam,  deep  phase,  in 
manner  of  formation,  but  differs  from  it  in  the  grayer  color  of  the 
surface,  or  A17  horizon  and  the  heavy  mottling  below  a  depth  of  about 
13  inches.  There  is  an  incipient  compact,  or  Bx,  horizon  between  19 
and  30  inches.  This  type  is  not  extensively  developed  in  the  state  and 
occurs  only  where  the  topography  is  such  that  a  deep  silty  deposit 
has  been  formed. 

YELLOW-GRAY  SILT  LOAM  ON  COMPACT  MEDIUM-PLASTIC  CLAY 

This  type  is  well  developed  on  the  Enfield  and  West  Salem  fields 
and  probably  occurs  extensively  in  the  southern  part  of  the  state. 
Portions  of  the  type,  such  as  the  area  on  the  Enfield  field,  appear  to 
have  been  developed  under  poorer  drainage  conditions  than  other  por- 
tions, such  as  the  area  on  the  West  Salem  field.  This  is  indicated  by  a 
well-developed  gray  color  thruout  the  soil  section  and  an  abundance 
of  dark  red  splotches  below  about  17  inches.  Further  study  may  show 
that  this  type  should  be  separated  into  two  types.  The  following 
profile  description  applies  to  the  type  as  mapped  and  includes  the 
variations  noted  above. 

Ai — 0  to  7  inches,  yellowish  brown  to  yellowish  gray  silt  loam 

Az — 8  to  about  12  inches,  grayish  yellow  silt  loam 

Aj — 13  to  about  21  inches,  gray  silt  loam  splotched  with  yellow  (the  amount 

of  yellow  splotching  varying  according  to  the  drainage  conditions) 
Bt — 22  to  about  34  inches,  mottled  yellowish  brown  to  gray  splotched  with 

yellowish  red,  compact,  medium-plastic  clay  loam 

Ci — 35  inches   to   depth  sampled    (40  inches),  strongly  mottled  yellowish 
brown  to  gray  splotched  with  yellowish  red,  friable  silt  loam 

YELLOW-GRAY  SILT  LOAM  ON  TIGHT  CLAY 

This  type  is  similar  to  the  preceding  type,  Yellow-Gray  Silt  Loam 
On  Medium-Plastic  Clay,  but  differs  from  it  in  having  a  more  plastic 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS  321 

subsoil,  and  usually  a  stronger  development  of  the  gray  color  thruout 
the  soil  section.  If  further  study  shows  that  the  degree  of  plasticity 
is  the  only  distinguishing  character,  these  two  types  cannot  be  suc- 
cessfully separated  because  the  apparent  plasticity  of  the  subsoil 
varies  greatly  with  variations  in  moisture  content.  This  type  is  similar 
to  Yellow-Gray  Silt  Loam  On  Medium-Plastic  Clay  not  only  in  char- 
acter but  also  in  occurrence.  A  profile  description  of  it  follows : 

Ai — 0  to  6  inches,  slightly  brownish  gray  silt  loam 
A2 — 7  to  13  inches,  mottled,  pale  yellow  silt  loam 
As — 14  to  20  inches,  gray  silt  loam 

Bi — 21  to  34  inches,  strongly  mottled,  plastic,  reddish  yellow  clay 
Ci — 35   inches   to    depth    sampled    (40   inches),    friable,    strongly    mottled, 
reddish  yellow  silt  loam 

YELLOW  SILT  LOAM 

Yellow  Silt  Loam  occurs  extensively  in  the  hilly  region  of  southern 
Illinois.  It  is  typically  developed  on  the  Elizabethtown  and  Vienna 
fields  and  comprizes  the  major  portion  of  the  area  of  these  two  fields. 
It  is  distinguished  from  Yellow-Gray  Silt  Loam  by  the  absence  of  an 
A2  horizon.  Its  topography  is  usually  so  steep  as  to  subject  it  to  serious 
erosion.  A  profile  description  of  the  type  follows: 

A! — 0  to  7  inches,  grayish  yellow  silt  loam 

B — 8  to  25  inches,  bright  yellow  to  slightly  reddish  yellow,  compact  silty 

clay  loam,  usually  with  little  or  no  mottling 
C — 26  inches  to  depth  sampled    (40  inches),  mottled,   yellow,   friable  silt 

loam  containing  some  black  iron  concretions 

The  above  depths  are  subject  to  considerable  variation  because 
of  the  variation  in  amount  of  soil  removed  from  different  areas  by 
erosion. 

STONY  LOAM 

This  type  is  unimportant  because  of  its  small  area  and  its  low 
agricultural  value.  A  small  area  of  it  occurs  on  the  Elizabethtown 
field  where  the  loessial  covering  has  been  removed  by  erosion,  exposing 
the  underlying,  partially  weathered  sandstone  and  shale. 

LIGHT  GRAY  SILT  LOAM  ON  TIGHT  CLAY 

This  type  is  found  in  the  southern  part  of  the  state  on  flat  areas. 
It  is  locally  known  as  post-oak  or  water-oak  flats.  It  occurs  on  the 
Enfield  and  Sparta  fields  and  is  typically  developed  in  both  cases; 
however,  on  the  Sparta  field  its  topography  is  undulating,  thus  giving 
good  surface  drainage,  which  is  an  unusual  condition  for  the  type. 
Dark  reddish  brown  iron  concretions  occur  thruout  the  soil  section  and 
are  conspicuous  on  the  surface  of  the  ground  after  a  rain. 

Ai — 0  to  7  inches,  light  gray  silt  loam 

A2 — 8  to  16  inches,  light  gray  to  white  silt  loam  with  a  slightly  yellowish 

cast  when  moist 
Bt — 17  to  35  inches,  compact,  highly  plastic,  gray  or  drabbish  gray  clay 


322  BULLETIN  No.  273  [January, 

Ci — 36  inches  to  depth  sampled   (40  inches),  fairly  friable,  gray  silty  clay 

loam  abundantly  supplied  with  reddish  brown  iron  concretions 
Frequently  no  C:  horizon  is  found  in  the  40-inch  section. 

GRAY  SILT  LOAM  ON  PLASTIC  REDDISH  BROWN  CLAY 

This  type  is  found  on  the  low  glacial  and  preglacial  hills  in  the 
southern  part  of  the  state.  A  profile  description  of  the  type  follows: 

At — 0  to  6  inches,  gray  silt  loam 
Bi — 7  to  22  inches,  reddish  brown,  plastic  clay 

Ci — 23    inches   to   depth   sampled    (40    inches),    friable,    strongly    mottled, 
yellowish  brown  sill  loam 

GRAY  SILT  LOAM  ON  ORANGE-MOTTLED  TIGHT  CLAY 

This  type  is  found  in  the  southern  part  of  the  state  and  usually 
occurs  on  gentle  slopes.  It  is  associated  with  Gray  Silt  Loam  On  Tight 
Clay,  but  appears  to  have  developed  under  better  drainage  conditions 
than  the  latter  type  and  is  superior  to  it  in  productivity.  A  profile 
description  of  the  type  follows: 

Ai — 0  to  8  inches,  brownish  gray  silt  loam 

A2 — 9  to  12  inches,  slightly  mottled,  brownish  gray  silt  loam  containing 

some  yellow  spots 

As — 13  to  16  inches,  gray  silt  loam  heavily  splotched  with  orange  red 
Bi — 17  to  21  inches,  highly  plastic,  gray  clay  heavily  splotched  with  orange 

red 
Ci — 21  inches  to  depth  sampled   (40  inches),  friable,  gray  silty  clay  loam 

heavily  splotched  with  yellowish  brown 

GRAY  SILT  LOAM  ON  ORANGE-MOTTLED  PLASTIC  CLAY 

This  type,  upon  further  study,  may  be  correlated  with  Gray  Silt 
Loam  On  Orange-Mottled  Tight  Clay.  It  appears,  however,  to  be  less 
impervious  in  the  subsoil  horizon  and  to  have  developed  under  better 
drainage  conditions.  It  occurs  on  gentle  slopes  in  the  southern  part 
of  the  state.  A  profile  description  of  the  type  follows: 

Ai — 0  to  7  inches,  yellowish  gray  to  yellowish  brown  silt  loam 

A2 — 8  to  14  inches,  grayish  yellow  silt  loam  becoming  somewhat  compact 

and  mottled  with  orange  red  at  about  11  inches 
Bi — 15   to  24   inches,   compact,    medium-plastic,   orange-mottled   silty   clay 

loam  with  the  mottling  disappearing  at  about  20  inches 
Ci — 24  inches  to  depth  sampled  (40  inches),  friable,  mottled,  reddish  brown 

silt  loam  becoming  gray  at  about  35  inches. 

GRAY  SILT  LOAM  ON  TIGHT  CLAY 

This  type  is  extensively  developed  in  the  region  of  Jefferson, 
Marion,  Clay,  and  Effingham  counties.  It  is  typically  developed  on 
the  DuBois,  Ewing,  Oblong,  Odin,  Newton,  Raleigh,  Toledo,  and  West 
Salem  fields.  A  profile  description  of  the  type  follows: 

Ai — 0  to  8  inches,  brownish  gray  silt  loam 

A2 — 9  to  18  inches,  gray  silt  loam 

Bi — 19  to  32  inches,  strongly  mottled,  yellowish  brown,  highly  plastic  clay 


1926]  THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS  323 

Ci — 32  inches  to  depth  sampled  (40  inches),  gray  or  drabbish  gray,  friable 
silty  clay  loam  containing  many  yellowish  brown  and  black  iron 
splotches 

This  type  is  characterized  by  a  great  variation  in  the  depth  of 
the  B,  or  compact,  horizon. 

YELLOW-GRAY  SILT  LOAM  ON  CALCAREOUS  DRIFT  (Miami  silt  loam) 

This  type  is  rather  extensively  developed  in  the  northwestern 
part  of  the  state. 

Ai — 0  to  7  inches,  yellowish  brown  silt  loam 
A2 — 8  to  about  14  inches,  mottled,  yellowish  brown  silt  loam 
Bi — 14  to  about  28  inches,  dark  reddish  brown,  compact  clay  loam  con- 
taining gravel 

C — 29  inches  to  depth  sampled  (40  inches),  highly  calcareous,  reddish 
yellow,  friable,  sandy  and  gravelly  clay.  This  material  has  a  strongly 
mottled  appearance,  which  is  probably  due  to  its  high  native  carbonate 
content  rather  than  to  mottling  produced  by  weathering. 

YELLOW  SANDY  OR  GRAVELLY  SILT  LOAM  ON  DRIFT 

This  type  occurs  in  large  areas  in  five  sections  of  the  state,  as 
follows:  Henderson  county  region,  Whiteside  county  region,  Mason 
county  region,  Kankakee  county  region,  and  less  extensively  along  the 
Wabash  river.  The  area  of  this  type  in  Crawford  county  upon  which 
the  Palestine  field  is  located  is  probably  too  productive  a  soil  to  be 
correlated  with  Plainfield,  and  further  study  may  lead  to  a  change  in 
the  correlation.  A  profile  description  of  the  type  follows: 

Ai — 0  to  7  inches,  light  brown  sandy  loam 

A2 — 8  inches  to  depth  sampled  (40  inches),  brownish  yellow  sandy  loam 
becoming  more  yellowish  below  about  24  inches 

DUNE  SAND,  TERRACE  (Plainfield  sand) 

The  occurrence  of  this  type  is  similar  to  that  of  Plainfield  sandy 
loam.  It  is  typically  developed  on  the  Oquawka  field.  The  surface  is 
light  brown  in  color  between  dunes,  and  yellowish  brown  on  the  tops 
of  the  dunes.  The  depth  of  the  surface  varies;  it  frequently  is  15 
inches  deep  between  the  dunes  and  may  be  entirely  absent  on  top  of 
the  dunes.  There  is  no  horizon  development  below  the  surface,  or  Aj, 
horizon,  the  material  consisting  of  incoherent  yellow  sand. 


INDEX 

CROPS  GROWN 

Alfalfa Tables  10,  22,  28,  31,  35,  43,  44,  47,  49, 

64,  70,  75,  77,  82,  84,  85,  87,  92,  94,  95, 

99,  104,  112,  114 

Barley Tables  16,  21,  40,  45,  48,  60,  63,  64,  91 

Barley  hay Tables  22,  64 

Barley,  winter Table  85 

Beets,  sugar Tables  53,  104 

Clover,   medium  red,   mammoth, 

alsike Standard  on  most  fields 

Clover,  stubble Tables  1,  15,  27,  43,  50,  51,  52,  56,  60, 

69,  70,  71,  84,  85,  99,  113,  114 
Clover,  sweet,  as  green  manure  crop     Standard  on  most  fields 

Clover,  sweet,  as  regular  crop Tables  5,  9,  27,  30,  34,  38,  52,  64,  68,  69, 

70,  71,  74,  75,  76,  83,  84,  85,  89,  90, 
113,  114 

Corn Standard  on  most  fields 

Cotton Table  93 

Cowpeas Tables  18,  29,  38,  41,  71,  84,  93,  108,  109, 

110 

Cowpeas  (or  soybeans) Substitute  legumes  on  all  fields 

Kafir  corn Table  114 

Oats Standard  on  most  fields 

Oat  hay Tables  77,  113 

Oats,  winter Tables  85,  94,  95 

Potatoes Tables  22,  49,  51,  52,  64,  70,  84,  92,  94, 

95,  104,  114 

Rye Tables  75,  76,  93 

Soybeans Tables  18,  27,  38,  44,  50,  51,  66,  67,  68, 

70,  71,  74,  75,  76,  83,  90,  94,  95,  107, 

113,  114 

Soybeans  (or  cowpeas) Substitute  legumes  on  all  fields 

Timothy  or  timothy-clover  mixture.     Tables  12,  27,  32,  36,  40,  65,  69,  72,  79, 

95,  109, 114 
Vetch Table  104 

Wheat Standard  on  most  fields 

CROPPING  SYSTEMS  FOLLOWED 

SINGLE-CROP  SYSTEMS 

Alfalfa Tables  28,  47 

Corn Tables  54,  61,  88,  96,  97,  98,  100,  101, 

102,  103 

TWO-CROP  SYSTEMS 

Corn,  oats Tables  96,  98 

Corn,  wheat Tables  13,  23,  33,  73,  77 

Potatoes,  alfalfa Tables  22,  49,  64,  92 

Wheat,  sweet  clover Table  85 


324 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS  325 

CROPPING  SYSTEMS  FOLLOWED  (Cont'd) 
THREE-CROP  SYSTEMS 

Corn,  corn,  oats Table  15 

Corn,  legumes,  wheat Tables  18,  29,  66,  67,  68,  74,  108 

Corn,  oats,  clover Tables  24,  25,  26,  81,  96,  97,  110,  112 

Corn,  oats,  legumes Table  41 

Corn,  oats,  timothy  mixture . .  .  Table  72 

Corn,  oats,  wheat Tables  37,  55,  77 

Corn,  soybeans,  potatoes Table  51 

Corn,  wheat,  legumes Table  108 

Corn,  wheat,  sweet  clover Table  68 

Corn,  wheat,  timothy  mixture.  Table  114 

Wheat,  clover,  alfalfa Tables  10,  31,  35 

Wheat,  legumes,  timothy Tables  12,  32,  36 

Wheat,  sweet  clover,  potatoes. .  Table  52 
Wheat,   sweet  clover,   timothy 

mixture Table  114 

FOUR-CROP  SYSTEMS 

Corn,  barley,  soybeans,  wheat .  Table  45 

Corn,     barley,     sweet     clover, 

alfalfa Table  64 

Corn,  corn,  barley,  clover Table  91 

Corn,  corn,  corn,  soybeans ....  Table  107 

Corn,  corn,  oats,  alfalfa Tables  22,  87 

Corn,  corn,  oats,  clover Tables  6,  7,  19,  62,  65,  79,  91,  106 

Corn,  corn,  oats,  wheat Tables  1,  2,  5,  42,  43,  48,  57,  58,  60,  80, 

111,  112 

Corn,  corn,  wheat,  clover Table  49 

Corn,  cotton,  cowpeas,  wheat . .  Table  93 

Corn,  cowpeas,  wheat,  clover.  .  Table  38 

Corn,  cowpeas,  wheat,  cotton . .  Table  93 

Corn,    cowpeas,    timothy   mix- 
ture, wheat Table  84 

Corn,  oats,  clover,  wheat Tables  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  9,  14,  16,  17,  21,  23, 

30,  34,  46,  47,  48,  50,  58,  60,  63,  69,  70, 
78,  86,  89,  105 

Corn,  oats,  sweet  clover,  wheat.  Tables  9,  30,  34,  69,  89 

Corn,  oats,  wheat,  clover Tables  17,  20,  23,  56,  59,  105 

Corn,  rye,  cowpeas,  wheat Table  93 

Corn,  soybeans,  timothy  mix- 
ture, wheat Table  95 

Corn,  soybeans,  wheat,  clover.  .  Tables  38,  71,  83 

Corn,   soybeans,   wheat,   sweet 

clover Tables  27,  38,  71,  74,  83,  90 

Corn,  soybeans,  wheat,  wheat . .  Table  50 

Corn,  wheat,  timothy  mixture, 

wheat..'. Table  27 

Potatoes,  corn,  soybeans,  alfalfa  Tables  70,  104 

Potatoes,    winter   oats,    clover, 

alfalfa Table  94 

Potatoes,  wheat,  clover,   alfalfa  Tables  84,  94 

Wheat,  oats,  sweet  clover, 

alfalfa Table  85 

Wheat,  winter  oats,  sweet  clover, 

alfalfa..  Table  85 


326  BULLETIN  No.  273  [January, 

CROPPING  SYSTEMS  FOLLOWED  (Cont'd) 

FIVE-CROP  SYSTEMS 

Corn,  corn,  oats,  clover,  wheat .  Table  8 
Corn,  corn,  oats,  wheat,  clover.  Table  8 
Corn,  cowpeas,  wheat,  clover, 

timothy Table  109 

Corn,    oats,    clover,    wheat, 

alfalfa Tables  43,  77,  82,  99 

Corn,     soybeans,     rye,     sweet 

clover,  wheat Table  76 

Corn,    soybeans,    oats,    clover, 

wheat.'. Table  113 

SIX-CROP  SYSTEMS 

Corn,  corn,  oats,  clover,  wheat, 

alfalfa Table  44 

Corn,  corn,  oats,  clover,  wheat, 
clover Table  40 

Corn,  corn,  oats,  wheat,  clover, 

timothy Table  40 

Corn,  oats,  clover,  wheat,  soy- 
beans, alfalfa Table  44 

Corn,   soybeans,   wheat,   sweet 
clover,  potatoes,  alfalfa Table  114 

Corn,  soybeans,  wheat,  sweet 

clover,  rye,  alfalfa Table  75 

FERTILIZING  MATERIALS  USED 

Gypsum Tables  15,  55 

Lime,  comparative  tests Tables  26,  68 

Limestone Standard  on  most  fields 

Nitrogen  fertilizers 

Dried  blood Tables  5,  8,  17,  23,  25,  40,  42,  53,  57,  61, 

65,  79,  80,  88,  91,  100,  101,  102,  103, 
111 
Organic  manures 

Crop  residues,  including  green 

manures Standard  on  most  fields 

Farm  manures Standard  on  most  fields 

Phosphorous  fertilizers 

Bone  meal Tables  5,  8,  17,  18,  23,  24,  25,  41,  42,  53, 

56,  57,  61,  62,  71,  74,  80,  81,  88,  97, 
98,  100,  102,  108,  110,  111 

Rock  phosphate Standard  on  most  fields 

Comparisons  of  different  carriers 

Acid  phosphate Tables  2,  13,  17,  29,  33,  37,  47,  52,  58, 

72,  73,  86,  109,  112 

Bone  meal Tables  2,  17,  26,  58,  72,  73,  96,  99,  101, 

103,  112 

Rock  phosphate Tables  2,  13,  17,  26,  29,  33,  37,  47,  52, 

58,  72,  73,  86,  96,  99,  101,  103,  109,  112 

Slag  phosphate Tables  2,  58,  72,  73 

Superphosphate Table  13 


1926] 


THE  ILLINOIS  SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 


327 


Potassium  fertilizers 

Kainit 

Nebraska  salts. . 


Potassium  sulfate  or  potassium 
chlorid . . 


Comparison  of  different  carriers 

Kainit 

Nebraska  salts 

Potassium  bearing  shale 

Potassium  chlorid 

Potassium  sulfate 

Sodium  chlorid  (common  salt), 
compared  with  potassium 
salts 

SOIL  EXPERIMENT  FIELDS 

PAGE 

Aledo 47 

Alhambra 52 

Antioch 56 

Auburn 60 

Bloomington 62 

Carlinville 65 

Carthage 71 

Clayton 76 

Cutler 80 

DeKalb.T 83 

Dixon 87 

DuBois 93 

Edgewood 96 

Elizabethtown 100 

Enfield 105 

Ewing Ill 

Fairfield 117 

Galesburg 127 

Green  Valley 131 

Hartsburg 133 

Joliet 137 

Kewanee 142 

LaMoille 147 

Lebanon 152 

Lincoln 159 

Manito  (old) 161 

Manito  (new) 161 

Mascoutah..  ..164 


Standard  on  most  fields 

Used  on  all  fields  during  World  War  as  a 

substitute   for   kainit   and   potassium 

sulfate 

Tables  5,  7,  8,  17,  18,  22,  23,  24,  25,  40, 
41,  42,  53,  54,  55,  56,  57,  58,  61,  62,  65, 
71,  72,  73,  79,  80,  81,  88,  91,  97,  98, 
99,  100, 101, 102, 103, 108, 110,  111 

Tables  39,  54,  95 
Table  95 
•Table  95 
Table  54 
Tables  39,  55 


Tables  54,  95 


PAGE 

McNabb 168 

Minonk 170 

Momence 173 

Mt.  Morris 176 

Myrtle 181 

Newton 184 

Oblong 195 

Odin 200 

Oquawka 209 

Palestine 213 

Pana 215 

Raleigh 220 

Rockford 223 

Sibley... 228 

Sidell 231 

Sparta 235 

Spring  Valley 241 

Tampico 246 

Toledo 247 

Union  Grove 252 

Union  ville 256 

Urbana,  Morrow  Plots 262 

Urbana,  Davenport  Plots. ..... .266 

Urbana,  South  Farm 279 

Vienna  (old) 295 

Vienna  (new) 297 

Virginia 200 

West  Salem..  ..306 


SOIL  TYPES 

List  of  soil  types. 


.311 


Description  of  soil  types 313 


UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS-URBANA 


